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Emergent Collective Chemotaxis without Single-Cell Gradient Sensing.

Brian A Camley1, Juliane Zimmermann2, Herbert Levine2,3

  • 1Department of Physics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.

Physical Review Letters
|March 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Small cell clusters can collectively follow chemical gradients, even when individual cells cannot. This "collective guidance" is explained by chemoattractant-regulated contact inhibition of locomotion, a novel mechanism for directed cell migration.

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Eukaryotic cells exhibit chemotaxis, sensing and responding to chemical gradients.
  • Single cells may fail to chemotax, yet small cell clusters can still exhibit directed movement along gradients.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism behind "collective guidance" in cell clusters.
  • To propose and investigate a novel model for how cell clusters navigate chemical gradients.

Main Methods:

  • Analytical modeling of cell cluster behavior.
  • Computational simulations to study collective guidance.
  • Theoretical analysis of contact inhibition of locomotion.

Main Results:

  • A new mechanism, chemoattractant-regulated contact inhibition of locomotion, explains collective guidance.
  • Individual cells require only mean attractant concentration, not gradient sensing, for cluster motility.
  • Derived formulas predict cluster velocity and chemotactic index based on cell number and organization.

Conclusions:

  • Collective guidance is driven by contact inhibition of locomotion modulated by chemoattractants.
  • This mechanism allows cell clusters to migrate directionally without individual gradient sensing.
  • Orientation effects offer a testable prediction for the proposed theory.