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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Generation of Aggregates of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells that Show Symmetry Breaking, Polarization and Emergent Collective Behaviour In Vitro

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Published on: November 24, 2015

Embryos aggregation improves development and imprinting gene expression in mouse parthenogenesis.

Guang-Yu Bai¹, Si-Hang Song¹, Zhen-Dong Wang¹

¹Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China.

Development, Growth & Differentiation

|March 19, 2016

Summary

Aggregating four mouse parthenogenetic embryos significantly improves their development and corrects imprinting gene expression in stem cells. This advancement offers a better model for studying imprinting genes and translational medicine.

Keywords:

aggregation cells imprinting gene mouse parthenogenetic embryonic stem mouse parthenogenetic embryos post-implantation development

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Area of Science:

Developmental Biology
Stem Cell Biology
Epigenetics

Background:

Mouse parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells (PgESCs) are valuable for imprinting gene research and cell therapy.
Previous work showed aggregating two parthenogenetic embryos (a2 PgESCs) improved efficiency and upregulated paternal imprinting genes.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if increasing parthenogenetic embryo aggregation enhances parthenogenetic development and PgESC imprinting gene expression.
To verify the hypothesis that higher embryo aggregation improves outcomes.

Main Methods:

Aggregated four 4-cell stage parthenogenetic embryos (4aPgB) and cultured to blastocyst stage.
Utilized quantitative PCR (qPCR) to analyze imprinting gene expression (Igf2, Mest, Snrpn, Igf2r, H19, Gtl2).
Assessed post-implantation development and established GFP-labeled PgESCs (GFP-a4 PgESCs) for further analysis and in vivo studies.

Main Results:

4aPgB showed imprinting gene expression more similar to fertilized blastocysts (fB) than single (PgB) or two-embryo aggregations (2aPgB).
Post-implantation development of 4aPgB extended to 11 days of gestation.
GFP-a4 PgESCs exhibited corrected imprinting gene expression, approaching levels in fertilized ESCs (fESCs), and enabled germline contribution in a 13.5-day fetus.

Conclusions:

Aggregating four parthenogenetic embryos significantly improves parthenogenetic development and compensates for imprinting gene expression defects in PgESCs.
The enhanced PgESCs (a4 PgESCs) represent a superior model for translational medicine and imprinting gene studies.
This method offers a promising approach for generating more robust parthenogenetic stem cells.