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Updated: Mar 24, 2026
In Vivo EPR Assessment of pH, pO2, Redox Status, and Concentrations of Phosphate and Glutathione in the Tumor Microenvironment
Published on: March 16, 2018
In vivo detection of 2-hydroxyglutarate in brain tumors by optimized point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) at 7T
Sandeep K Ganji1, Zhongxu An1, Vivek Tiwari1
1Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
Purpose:
To test the efficacy of 7T MRS for in vivo detection of 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG) in brain tumors.
Methods:
The subecho times of point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) were optimized at 7T with density-matrix simulations and phantom validation to improve the 2HG signal selectivity with respect to the neighboring resonances of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate (Glu), and glutamine (Gln). MRS data were acquired from 12 subjects with gliomas in vivo and analyzed with LCModel using calculated basis spectra. Metabolite levels were quantified using unsuppressed short echo time (TE) water as a reference.
Results:
The PRESS TE was optimized as TE = 78 ms (TE1 = 58 ms and TE2 = 20 ms), at which the 2HG 2.25 ppm resonance appeared as a temporally maximum inverted narrow peak and the GABA, Glu, and Gln resonances between 2.2 and 2.5 ppm were all positive peaks. The PRESS TE = 78 ms method offered improved discrimination of 2HG from Glu, Gln, and GABA when compared with short-TE MRS. 2HG was detected in all patients enrolled in the study, the estimated 2HG concentrations ranging from 1.0 to 6.2 mM, with percentage standard deviation of 2%-7%.
Conclusion:
Data indicate that the optimized MRS provides good selectivity of 2HG from other metabolite signals and may confer reliable in vivo detection of 2HG at relatively low concentrations. Magn Reson Med 77:936-944, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
