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Related Concept Videos

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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Crossing Over01:30

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Crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis I. Genetic recombination gives rise to allelic diversity in the newly formed daughter cells. In humans, crossing over produces genetically distinct haploid egg and sperm cells that undergo fertilization to produce unique offspring. Before cell division starts, the germ cell’s chromosome(s) undergo duplication in the S phase of the cell cycle. As the cells enter prophase I,...
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Overview of Transposition and Recombination02:13

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Transposons make up a significant part of genomes of various organisms. Therefore, it is believed that transposition played a major evolutionary role in speciation by changing genome sizes and modifying gene expression patterns. For example, in bacteria, transposition can lead to conferring antibiotic resistance. Movement of transposable elements within the genetic pool of pathogenic bacteria can aid in transfer of antibiotic-resistant genetic elements. In eukaryotes, transposons can carry out...
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Homologous Recombination02:31

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Viral Recombination00:57

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Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
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Detection of Homologous Recombination Intermediates via Proximity Ligation and Quantitative PCR in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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Recombination hotspots: Models and tools for detection.

Prosenjit Paul1, Debjyoti Nag1, Supriyo Chakraborty1

  • 1Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar 788011, Assam, India.

DNA Repair
|March 19, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recombination hotspots, crucial for genetic diversity, are specific DNA regions with high recombination rates. Understanding their mechanisms and prediction is vital for genetics research.

Keywords:
GenomeHomologousHotspotRecombination

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Recombination hotspots are specific genomic regions (1-2kb) with optimal recombination rates.
  • These regions are non-uniformly distributed, influencing genetic maps and evolution.
  • Knowledge of human hotspots has significantly increased, revealing evolutionary differences with species like chimpanzees.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the molecular mechanisms underlying recombination hotspots.
  • To discuss proposed models explaining meiotic recombination.
  • To explore computational tools for predicting hotspot locations and recombination rates.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on recombination hotspots.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms involving DNA topoisomerase and Spo 11 endonuclease.
  • Examination of computational and in silico prediction techniques.

Main Results:

  • Recombination hotspots are characterized by double-stranded break formation.
  • Hotspot distribution varies across genomes, with examples in humans and mice (MHC region).
  • Advancements in computational tools aid in locating hotspots and estimating recombination rates.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding recombination hotspots is crucial for population and medical genetics.
  • Continued research into molecular mechanisms and prediction tools is essential.
  • Comparative genomics highlights evolutionary dynamics of recombination hotspots.