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Related Concept Videos

Olfaction01:25

Olfaction

49.8K
The sense of smell is achieved through the activities of the olfactory system. It starts when an airborne odorant enters the nasal cavity and reaches olfactory epithelium (OE). The OE is protected by a thin layer of mucus, which also serves the purpose of dissolving more complex compounds into simpler chemical odorants. The size of the OE and the density of sensory neurons varies among species; in humans, the OE is only about 9-10 cm2.
The olfactory receptors are embedded in the cilia of the...
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Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure01:03

Olfactory Receptors: Location and Structure

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The process of olfaction, also known as the sense of smell, is a sophisticated chemical response system. The specialized sensory neurons that facilitate this process, known as olfactory receptor neurons, are situated in an upper segment of the nasal cavity, known as the olfactory epithelium. Olfactory sensory neurons are bipolar, with their dendrites extending from the epithelium's apex into the mucus that lines the nasal cavity. Airborne molecules, when inhaled, traverse the olfactory...
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Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway01:20

Physiology of Smell and Olfactory Pathway

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Humans detect odors with the help of specialized cells located in the upper part of the nasal cavity, called olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs). ORNs possess hair-like structures called cilia, which are receptive to sensations from the inhaled air. When an odorant molecule binds to a specific receptor on the cell of the cilia, it leads to a series of events that ultimately cause the ORN to send electrical signals to the olfactory bulb in the brain through the olfactory nerves.
The olfactory...
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Cell Migration01:09

Cell Migration

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Cell migration, the process by which cells move from one location to another, is essential for the proper development and viability of organisms throughout their life. When cells are not able to migrate properly to their ordained locations, various disorders may occur. For example, disruption in cell migration causes chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

The Olfactory System as a Model to Study Axonal Growth Patterns and Morphology In Vivo
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The Olfactory System as a Model to Study Axonal Growth Patterns and Morphology In Vivo

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Cell migration in the developing rodent olfactory system.

Dhananjay Huilgol1,2, Shubha Tole3

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Mumbai, India.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|March 20, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Cell migration during nervous system development is crucial. This review examines olfactory system development, comparing rodent and neocortex cell migration to understand brain evolution and disorders.

Keywords:
DomainsEvolutionMigrationNeocortexOlfactoryVomeronasal

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Whole Mount Labeling of Cilia in the Main Olfactory System of Mice
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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Nervous system development relies on conserved cell migration principles.
  • Specific brain subsystems may exhibit unique migratory mechanisms.
  • Aberrant cell migration is linked to neurological disorders.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review cell migration in the rodent olfactory system.
  • To compare olfactory system development with the neocortex.
  • To understand the evolution of conserved migratory mechanisms in the brain.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cell migration in rodent olfactory system.
  • Comparative analysis of olfactory and neocortical migratory pathways.
  • Examination of conserved molecular mechanisms in vertebrate olfactory systems.

Main Results:

  • The olfactory system exhibits elaborate and evolutionarily conserved migratory pathways.
  • Rodent olfactory system development shares features with the neocortex but has distinct characteristics.
  • Molecular mechanisms governing cell migration are conserved across vertebrate olfactory circuits.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding olfactory system assembly provides insights into olfactory and sexual disorders.
  • Comparative analysis of cell migration aids in understanding brain evolution.
  • Conserved migratory mechanisms have shaped the vertebrate brain's organization.