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Disorders of Leukocytes

Disorders of Leukocytes

Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune...

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Preparation of Primary Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cells in Different Cell Cycle Phases by Centrifugal Elutriation

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Published on: November 10, 2017

Primary Plasma Cell Leukemia: Identity Card 2016.

Pellegrino Musto¹, Vittorio Simeon², Katia Todoerti²

¹Scientific Direction, IRCCS-CROB, Referral Cancer Center of Basilicata, Rionero in Vulture, PZ, Italy. p.musto@tin.it.

Current Treatment Options in Oncology

|March 21, 2016

Summary

Primary plasma cell leukemia (PPCL) is a rare, aggressive multiple myeloma variant. Bortezomib-based induction and stem cell transplantation are key treatment strategies, with ongoing research for optimal therapies.

Keywords:

Allogeneic transplantation Autologous transplantation Bortezomib IMIDs Lenalidomide Multiple myeloma Plasma cell leukemia Proteasome inhibitors Thalidomide

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Published on: March 26, 2018

Area of Science:

Hematology
Oncology
Internal Medicine

Background:

Primary plasma cell leukemia (PPCL) is a rare and aggressive variant of multiple myeloma (MM).
PPCL presents with distinct adverse clinical and biological features, leading to a poor prognosis.
Despite improvements with novel treatments, optimal therapeutic strategies for PPCL remain an unmet clinical need due to limited studies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review current therapeutic approaches for primary plasma cell leukemia (PPCL).
To discuss induction regimens, stem cell transplantation, and salvage therapies for PPCL.
To highlight the need for further research into consolidation and maintenance strategies.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on primary plasma cell leukemia treatment.
Discussion of induction chemotherapy regimens, including bortezomib-based combinations.
Analysis of autologous and allogeneic stem cell transplantation protocols.
Consideration of salvage therapies for relapsed or refractory disease.

Main Results:

Bortezomib-based induction therapy is a reasonable first-line option for PPCL, particularly for patients requiring a rapid response or with renal impairment.
Autologous stem cell transplantation (AuSCT) is recommended for eligible patients, with high-dose melphalan as the preferred conditioning regimen.
A second AuSCT and allogeneic stem cell transplantation (AlloSCT) are considered for improving outcomes and managing residual disease.

Conclusions:

Prompt initiation of treatment is crucial to prevent irreversible complications in PPCL.
Stem cell transplantation, both autologous and allogeneic, plays a vital role in PPCL management.
Further evaluation of novel agents for post-transplantation consolidation and maintenance is necessary to improve patient survival.