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Updated: Mar 24, 2026

Prediction and Validation of Gene Regulatory Elements Activated During Retinoic Acid Induced Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation
Published on: June 21, 2016
[Differential expression β₂ and β₄ isoforms of retinoic acid receptor gene RARβ as possible prognostic factor in
Abstract:
In this study, for the first time the expression of β₂ and β₄ isoforms of RARβ gene was investigated in group of 19 patients with the newly diagnosed multiple myeloma. The expression of both RARβ₂ and RARβ₄ isoforms was detected in all patients, but it was different and had opposite tendency. We showed that RARβ₄ expression level positively correlated with VEGF-A and VEGFR1 expression levels. It was found that higher levels of RARβ₄/VEGF-A/VEGFR1 co-expression were defined of patients with statistically significant increase of plasma cell level and paraprotein concentration. The median overall survival was lower in patients with RARβ₄, over-expression, while the maximal median overall survival was observed of patients with RARβ₂ down-regulation and nearly absolute RARβ₄inactivation.
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