Disease-Induced Neuroinflammation and Depression
Cristina Benatti, Joan M C Blom, Giovanna Rigillo
1Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 287, 41125, Modena, Italy. fabio.tascedda@unimore.it.
CNS & Neurological Disorders Drug Targets
|March 22, 2016
Summary
Major depression and medical conditions like stroke, chronic pain, diabetes, and HIV share common neuroinflammatory pathways. These conditions disrupt the blood-brain barrier, increasing inflammation and potentially leading to depression.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Immunology
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Major depression is a complex disorder linked to neuroinflammation and disrupted allostasis.
- High comorbidity exists between depression and medical conditions such as stroke, chronic pain, diabetes mellitus, and HIV infection.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review how specific medical disorders may predispose individuals to depression.
- To examine the impact of these disorders on key neuroinflammatory markers implicated in depression.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on depression, stroke, chronic pain, diabetes, and HIV.
- Analysis of neuroinflammatory hallmarks: blood-brain barrier permeability, immune cell infiltration, microglial activation, cytokine production, and inflammasomes.
Main Results:
- All four medical disorders reviewed show altered blood-brain barrier integrity, allowing peripheral factor infiltration and microglial activation.
- Increased pro-inflammatory cytokines, enhanced kynurenine pathway activity, and involvement of the NLRP3 inflammasome are observed across these conditions.
- Shared molecular, cellular, and network mechanisms contribute to increased neuroinflammation in depression and the studied medical disorders.
Conclusions:
- Depression, stroke, chronic pain, diabetes, and HIV share common neuroinflammatory pathways.
- These shared mechanisms, including blood-brain barrier disruption and immune system activation, increase the overall neuroinflammatory burden.
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