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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

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Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

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Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

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Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 24, 2026

A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection
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A 3D Human Lung Tissue Model for Functional Studies on Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection

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Tuberculosis in Rhinoceros: An Underrecognized Threat?

M Miller1, A Michel2, P van Helden1

  • 1DST/NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical TB Research/MRC Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.

Transboundary and Emerging Diseases
|March 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Tuberculosis (TB) has a long history in rhinoceroses, with Mycobacterium bovis posing a current unknown risk to free-ranging populations in South Africa. Effective diagnostic tools are needed to assess and manage this wildlife conservation threat.

Keywords:
Ceratotherium simumDicerorhinus sumatrensisDiceros bicornisRhinoceros unicornismycobacteriosisrhinocerostuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Medicine
  • Wildlife Conservation
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) has historically impacted captive rhinoceroses for nearly two centuries.
  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTC) is the causative agent, with Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) increasingly implicated in free-ranging rhinoceroses in South Africa.
  • The full impact of TB on rhinoceros health and conservation in areas endemic for M. bovis remains largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current knowledge on tuberculosis in rhinoceroses.
  • To identify critical knowledge gaps regarding TB in rhinoceros populations.
  • To assess the potential threat of TB to rhinoceros conservation efforts.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of historical and recent TB cases in rhinoceroses.
  • Analysis of documented reports on morbidity and mortality caused by TB.
  • Examination of diagnostic challenges in detecting TB in living wildlife.

Main Results:

  • TB has been a significant cause of morbidity and mortality across various rhinoceros species globally.
  • Sporadic cases of M. bovis TB have been reported in South African rhinoceroses.
  • A critical lack of diagnostic tools for detecting TB in living rhinoceroses hinders accurate risk assessment.

Conclusions:

  • Tuberculosis poses a potential, under-recognized threat to rhinoceros populations, particularly in M. bovis endemic regions.
  • Urgent development and implementation of diagnostic tools are necessary for effective TB management and conservation.
  • Addressing knowledge gaps is crucial to prevent detrimental impacts on rhinoceros conservation and wildlife health.