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Skeletal light-scattering accelerates bleaching response in reef-building corals.

Timothy D Swain1,2, Emily DuBois1,2, Andrew Gomes3

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.

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|March 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Coral skeletons scatter light, influencing bleaching. Corals with less light-scattering skeletons bleach faster and more severely under thermal stress, highlighting skeletal properties as key to bleaching response.

Keywords:
Coral bleachingGlobal climate changeOptical scatteringPhotosynthesisSymbiosis

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Area of Science:

  • Marine Biology
  • Climate Change Ecology
  • Coral Reef Science

Background:

  • Coral reefs face severe bleaching and mortality due to rising ocean temperatures.
  • Bleaching susceptibility varies among coral species, influenced by environmental history and host-symbiont interactions.
  • Coral skeletons enhance light availability for symbiotic algae (Symbiodinium) through scattering, impacting light absorption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of coral skeletal light-scattering properties in differential bleaching responses.
  • To determine if skeletal light-transport characteristics influence bleaching severity under thermal stress.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental thermal and light stress applied to ten coral species.
  • Measurement of microscopic reduced-scattering coefficient (μ'(S,m)) of coral skeletons.
  • Modeling of light absorption by Symbiodinium based on skeletal properties.

Main Results:

  • Corals with lower skeletal light-scattering (low-μ'(S,m)) bleached at higher rates and severity than those with higher scattering.
  • Symbiodinium in low-μ'(S,m) corals showed a twofold greater decrease in photochemical efficiency under stress.
  • Skeletal light-scattering significantly influences the amount and rate of light absorbed by Symbiodinium.

Conclusions:

  • Microscopic skeletal light-scattering (μ'(S,m)) is a critical determinant of coral bleaching severity.
  • Lower skeletal light-scattering leads to accelerated bleaching by increasing light absorption rates for symbionts.
  • Skeletal properties offer a predictive metric for coral bleaching susceptibility.