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    Intellectual disability (ID) is more prevalent in Spanish prisons than in the general population, particularly in psychiatric units. Better community and prison resources are needed for this vulnerable group.

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    Area of Science:

    • Forensic Psychiatry
    • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
    • Public Health

    Background:

    • Prevalence of intellectual disability (ID) in correctional facilities is understudied.
    • Limited reliable data exists on ID within the Spanish prison system.
    • Previous estimates for ID in Spain lack robust empirical support.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Determine the prevalence of ID in Spanish prison residential modules.
    • Ascertain the prevalence of ID within prison psychiatric units and hospitals.

    Main Methods:

    • Administered the TONI II test to 398 inmates to identify intellectual disabilities.
    • Reviewed psychiatric discharge reports for patients with primary ID diagnoses.
    • Analyzed Directorate General of Prisons data on ID prevalence in psychiatric hospitals.

    Main Results:

    • 3.77% of the prison population exhibited an IQ below 70, indicating intellectual disability.
    • 7.54% of inmates presented with a borderline IQ.
    • Higher prevalence rates of ID were observed in penitentiary psychiatric hospitalizations.

    Conclusions:

    • Intellectual disability is more common in Spanish prisons compared to the community.
    • Prisoners requiring specialized psychiatric care show elevated rates of ID.
    • Enhanced resources are crucial in prisons and communities for individuals with ID in the criminal justice system.