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Related Concept Videos

Deformations in a Transverse Cross Section01:21

Deformations in a Transverse Cross Section

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When a material is subjected to uniaxial stress, it elongates or contracts in the direction of the applied force, and also undergoes changes in the perpendicular directions. This behavior is crucial for understanding how materials behave under stress and is governed by mechanical properties such as Poisson's ratio v, which measures the ratio of transverse strain to axial strain.
As the material stretches, it expands or contracts in orthogonal directions to the load. This phenomenon varies...
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Unsymmetric Bending01:18

Unsymmetric Bending

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Unsymmetrical bending occurs when the bending moment applied to a structural member does not align with its principal axis. This misalignment leads to complex stress distributions and deflection patterns that differ from those in symmetrical bending, and are essential for designing structures to withstand different loading conditions. In unsymmetrical bending, the neutral axis—where stress is zero—does not necessarily align with the geometric axes of the cross-section. The...
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When a structural member undergoes plastic deformation due to bending, it is crucial to understand the position of the neutral axis and the stress distribution. This member, characterized by a single plane of symmetry, exhibits a uniform stress distribution, with negative stress above the neutral axis and positive stress below. Notably, the neutral axis does not align with the centroid of the cross-section. This misalignment is typical in cases where the cross-section is not rectangular or...
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Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is purely axial,...
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Unsymmetrical bending occurs when a structural member is subjected to bending moments in a plane that does not align with the member's principal axes. This scenario typically arises in beams and other structural components when loads are applied at non-ideal angles, introducing complexities in stress analysis.
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In analyzing a structural member composed of two different materials with identical cross-sectional areas, it is crucial to understand how their distinct elastic properties affect the member's response under load. The analysis involves assessing stress and strain distributions using the transformed section concept, which accounts for variations in material properties.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Origami Inspired Self-assembly of Patterned and Reconfigurable Particles
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Origami tubes with reconfigurable polygonal cross-sections.

E T Filipov1, G H Paulino2, T Tachi3

  • 1Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering , University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, IL 61801, USA.

Proceedings. Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Sciences
|March 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel origami tubes from thin sheets, enabling reconfigurable 3D structures. These deployable tubes offer unique mechanical properties and diverse geometric possibilities for various applications.

Keywords:
mechanics of origami tubesprogrammable structuresreconfigurable origamivariable cross-section tubes

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Area of Science:

  • Mechanics of Materials
  • Robotics
  • Structural Engineering
  • Origami Engineering

Background:

  • Thin sheets can be assembled into unique deployable and reconfigurable three-dimensional structures using origami principles.
  • Existing origami structures offer limited geometric versatility and programmability.
  • There is a need for adaptable tubular structures with tunable mechanical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and explore novel origami tubes with polygonal, translationally symmetric cross-sections.
  • To investigate the reconfigurability and deployability of these tubular structures.
  • To analyze the mechanical properties and design limitations of the developed origami tubes.

Main Methods:

  • Mathematical analysis based on definitions of flat and rigid foldability.
  • Eigenvalue and structural analyses to quantify global stiffness.
  • Exploration of folding strategies to reprogram cross-section and kinematics.

Main Results:

  • Origami tubes with polygonal cross-sections were successfully designed and analyzed.
  • Structures exhibit flat and rigid foldability, allowing full unfolding with deformation only at fold lines.
  • Tubes can be non-linear and curved when deployed; cross-sections and kinematics are reprogrammable.
  • Global stiffness and mechanical characteristics were quantified.
  • Two-scale behavior observed: reconfigurable local cross-sections and globally deployable desired shapes.

Conclusions:

  • The developed origami tubes offer significant geometric versatility and reconfigurability.
  • The mathematical framework and analyses provide insights into design limitations and mechanical behaviors.
  • These structures have potential applications in fields such as pipes, micro-robotics, and deployable architecture.