Rapid DNA analysis for automated processing and interpretation of low DNA content samples

Area of Science:

• Forensic Science
• Genetics
• Biotechnology

Background:

• Low DNA content (LDC) samples, such as epithelial cells or small tissue fragments, are crucial in forensics, disaster response, and missing persons identification.
• Traditional LDC sample processing requires specialized labs, experienced personnel, and complex procedures, often leading to delays.
• Field-forward analysis of LDC samples offers the potential to increase throughput and provide real-time actionable information.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop and validate a rapid DNA analysis system for generating short tandem repeat (STR) profiles from LDC samples in field-forward settings.
• To enable non-technical operators to process and analyze LDC samples quickly and efficiently outside of a traditional laboratory environment.

Main Methods:

• Development and injection molding of a Low DNA Content BioChipSet (LDC BCS) for the Accelerated Nuclear DNA Equipment (ANDE) instrument.
• Integration of efficient DNA purification and microfluidic ultrafiltration within the LDC BCS to maximize DNA quantity for analysis.
• Validation of the system's accuracy, precision, resolution, signal strength, and peak height ratios for casework suitability.

Main Results:

• The LDC BCS, integrated into the ANDE instrument, successfully generated STR profiles from various LDC sample types.
• The system demonstrated performance metrics (accuracy, precision, resolution, signal strength, peak height ratios) suitable for forensic casework.
• The integrated Expert System interpreted a wide range of sample types and DNA quantities, enabling analysis without technical operators.

Conclusions:

• The developed rapid DNA analysis system is effective for generating STR profiles from diverse LDC sample types.
• This technology significantly reduces the time from sample collection to actionable intelligence by enabling field-forward processing.
• The system's ability to be operated by non-technical personnel broadens the accessibility of rapid DNA analysis for critical applications.