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Technical Refinement of a Bilateral Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Mouse Model for Acute Kidney Injury Research
Published on: November 3, 2023
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Renal protection in cardiovascular surgery
Nora Di Tomasso1, Fabrizio Monaco1, Giovanni Landoni2
1Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
F1000Research
|March 22, 2016
Summary
Acute kidney injury (AKI) following major surgery is a significant mortality predictor. Prevention strategies are crucial for high-risk patients, focusing on perioperative renal protection and understanding AKI pathophysiology.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology
- Cardiovascular Surgery
- Critical Care Medicine
Background:
- Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a critical complication after major surgery, particularly cardiovascular procedures.
- AKI is linked to increased mortality and multifactorial causes like low ejection fraction, contrast media, and hemodynamic instability.
- Current treatments for renal failure are primarily supportive, emphasizing the need for preventative measures.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the pathophysiology of perioperative acute kidney injury in high-risk surgical patients.
- To identify preoperative risk factors and early biomarkers associated with AKI development.
- To explore current and emerging strategies for perioperative renal protection.
Main Methods:
- This narrative review synthesizes recent scientific evidence on perioperative AKI.
- Analysis includes pathophysiology, risk factors, biomarkers, and protective strategies.
- Conflicting data are addressed with suggested approaches.
Main Results:
- AKI pathophysiology in high-risk surgery is complex, involving multiple insults.
- Preoperative assessment and early biomarker detection are key for risk stratification.
- Perioperative renal protection strategies aim to mitigate damage through various interventions.
Conclusions:
- Preventing renal damage is paramount in patients undergoing high-risk surgery.
- A comprehensive understanding of AKI pathophysiology and risk factors guides protective strategies.
- Evidence-based perioperative renal protection is essential for improving outcomes in at-risk patients.
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