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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Analysis of Combinatorial miRNA Treatments to Regulate Cell Cycle and Angiogenesis
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miTALOS v2: Analyzing Tissue Specific microRNA Function.

Martin Preusse1,2, Fabian J Theis1,3, Nikola S Mueller1

  • 1Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.

Plos One
|March 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

MicroRNAs regulate biological pathways, but expression varies by tissue. A new tool, miTALOS v2, analyzes tissue-specific microRNA (miRNA) pathway associations, revealing roles in liver cancer and fibrosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of cellular signaling pathways.
  • Gene and pathway expression exhibits significant tissue-specific variation.
  • Understanding tissue-specific miRNA functions is crucial for biological insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel methodology for tissue-specific pathway analysis of miRNAs.
  • To identify novel miRNA-pathway associations relevant to specific human tissues.
  • To create an updated, flexible tool for exploring miRNA regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated miRNA targeting data (TargetScan, StarBase) and RNA-seq expression data (EBI Expression Atlas).
  • Incorporated multiple pathway databases for enhanced biological relevance.
  • Developed a graph database backend (neo4j) for data management and extensibility.
  • Updated the miTALOS tool to version 2 (miTALOS v2).

Main Results:

  • Identified tissue-specific miRNA-pathway associations, highlighting non-uniform expression.
  • Discovered potential roles for miR-199a-3p, miR-199b-3p, and the miR-200 family in hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis via MAPK and Wnt signaling.
  • Proposed an association between miR-571 and Notch signaling in liver fibrosis.

Conclusions:

  • miTALOS v2 provides valuable insights into tissue-specific miRNA regulation of biological pathways.
  • The novel methodology and updated tool enhance the prediction of miRNA-pathway interactions.
  • Findings suggest specific miRNAs as potential therapeutic targets in liver diseases.