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Related Concept Videos

Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

1.3K
The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
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Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

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The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a...
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Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

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Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
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Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

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Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
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Social Facilitation01:04

Social Facilitation

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Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
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Pyogenic cerebral abscesses demonstrating facilitated diffusion.

Saint-Aaron Morris1, Yoshua Esquenazi1, Nitin Tandon1

  • 1Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Medical School, Houston, TX, USA.

Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery
|March 22, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Delayed diagnosis of pyogenic cerebral abscesses can be fatal. Some abscesses show facilitated diffusion on MRI, potentially linked to diabetes and impaired inflammation, complicating early detection.

Keywords:
Cerebral abscessCystic massesDiffusion-weightedFacilitated diffusionPyogenicRestricted diffusion

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Pyogenic cerebral abscesses pose significant risks due to potential delays in diagnosis and treatment.
  • Subtle clinical presentations and atypical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings can lead to missed diagnoses.

Observation:

  • This study reviewed 10 years of data on patients undergoing mass resection for cerebral abscesses.
  • A subset of patients (9%) presented with abscesses showing minimal or no restricted diffusion on MRI, despite contrast enhancement.

Findings:

  • Causative organisms were exclusively hemolytic streptococci, and patients had not received prior antibiotic therapy.
  • A notable trend was the presence of diabetes in these patients, suggesting impaired inflammatory responses may correlate with facilitated diffusion.
  • Facilitated diffusion on MRI may be associated with specific patient factors like diabetes and incomplete inflammatory responses.

Implications:

  • Clinicians should maintain a high index of suspicion for brain abscesses, especially in cases with cystic, contrast-enhancing lesions.
  • Further multicenter research is needed to refine non-invasive diagnostic criteria for brain abscesses using imaging and clinical data.