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Related Concept Videos

Panic Disorder01:27

Panic Disorder

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Panic disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by recurrent and sudden minutes-long episodes of intense fear, known as panic attacks. These attacks may feel like heart attacks and often happen without warning or a specific cause. They can include symptoms such as rapid heart rate, shortness of breath, chest pain, trembling, sweating, dizziness, and a sense of helplessness. During a panic attack, individuals may feel as though they are experiencing a heart attack or are in a...
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
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Electroencephalographic findings in panic disorder.

Marcele Regine de Carvalho1, Bruna Brandao Velasques2, Mauricio Cagy3

  • 1Laboratory of Panic and Respiration, Institute of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.

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Electroencephalography (EEG) studies in panic disorder (PD) show decreased alpha and increased beta power. Findings suggest altered brain connectivity and support neurobiological hypotheses of PD.

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Electroencephalographybrain mapping.neurobiologypanic disorder

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Electroencephalography (EEG) is a valuable tool for studying psychiatric disorders.
  • Previous research indicates varied central nervous system arousal patterns in panic states using EEG.
  • Panic disorder (PD) is a psychiatric condition characterized by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review electroencephalography (EEG) findings in individuals with panic disorder (PD).
  • To discuss these EEG findings in the context of current neuroanatomical hypotheses of PD.
  • To identify limitations within the existing EEG research on PD.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed and ISI Web of Knowledge.
  • Keywords used were "electroencephalography" and "panic disorder".
  • Sixteen relevant articles were selected for review.

Main Results:

  • Despite inconsistent findings, EEG analysis generally indicates decreased absolute alpha power and increased beta power in PD.
  • Studies revealed varied patterns of brainwave asymmetry between individuals.
  • Coherence analyses suggest reduced frontal inter-hemispheric and bilateral temporal intra-hemispheric functional connectivity.

Conclusions:

  • EEG findings in PD, though varied, align with neurobiological models implicating prefrontal cortex inhibitory deficits.
  • These deficits may affect amygdala modulation, leading to anxiety responses.
  • Further research should address methodological inconsistencies in EEG signal analysis for PD.