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Selection of new objects by onset capture and visual marking.

Takayuki Osugi1, Daisuke Hayashi1, Ikuya Murakami2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan.

Vision Research
|March 23, 2016
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Summary

Visual search benefits from previewing items, as previewed distractors are excluded. This study shows visual marking, the inhibition of old items, aids search, especially in complex displays.

Keywords:
Onset capturePreview searchVisual marking

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Visual Perception
  • Human Attention

Background:

  • The preview benefit in visual search enhances performance by excluding previously seen distractors.
  • Two main theories explain this: visual marking (inhibiting old items) and onset capture (attending to new items).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of visual marking beyond automatic attentional orienting (onset capture) in the preview benefit.
  • To determine if visual marking contributes independently to search efficiency.

Main Methods:

  • Compared search performance in a "marking" condition (target always new) versus a "capture" condition (target new or old).
  • Manipulated item display configurations: random positions in an invisible matrix and arranged around a circle.

Main Results:

  • In random displays, search slopes were shallower in the marking condition, supporting visual marking.
  • No difference in search slopes was observed when items were arranged circularly, irrespective of old items.

Conclusions:

  • Visual marking's contribution to the preview benefit is configuration-dependent.
  • In complex visual search, combining selection of new items with de-selection of old items (visual marking) optimizes search efficiency.