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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis01:30

Pulmonary Hypertension: Classification and Pathogenesis

820
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe health condition in which the mean pulmonary arterial pressure increases to 25 mmHg or more, even when the body is at rest. This high pressure in the blood vessels that transport blood from the heart to the lungs can cause various symptoms, including shortness of breath, can lead to right heart failure, and significantly affect the overall quality of life.
There are various classifications for PH, each relating to different underlying causes and also...
820
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure01:16

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Oxygen Therapy for Respiratory Failure

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Oxygen therapy has emerged as a significant tool in enhancing the quality of life for patients suffering from pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). While this therapy has principally been studied on patients with significant hypoxemia, this therapeutic approach helps prevent potential organ damage and can be administered in the comfort of one's home.
Oxygen therapy is vital in increasing and maintaining blood oxygen levels in PAH patients. As a result, it aids in reducing fatigue,...
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Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors01:28

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors

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Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are potent enzymes that function to hydrolyze cyclic nucleotides to their corresponding 5' monophosphates. Their unique biochemical properties have been applied in treating Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH).
Among the PDE5 inhibitors, sildenafil (Revatio) stands out as a competitive and selective inhibitor. It operates by elevating cellular levels of cGMP and augmenting signaling through the cGMP-PKG pathway, promoting vasodilation. Upon oral...
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Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers01:26

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Calcium Channel Blockers

631
Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are two critical categories of drugs employed in the treatment of pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH). PAH is a disease that causes high blood pressure in the pulmonary arteries, resulting in chest pain, fatigue, and shortness of breath.
TKIs, such as imatinib (Gleevec), are particularly effective in tackling the growth and mitogenic factors that become upregulated in PAH patients. These factors contribute to the...
631
Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

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Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
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Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists01:18

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

544
Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
ETs are synthesized through a complex sequence of enzymatic steps, primarily involving an enzyme referred to as endothelin-converting enzyme...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets
08:08

Increasing Pulmonary Artery Pulsatile Flow Improves Hypoxic Pulmonary Hypertension in Piglets

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Portopulmonary hypertension.

Yong Lv1, Guohong Han1, Daiming Fan2

  • 1a Department of Liver Diseases and Digestive Interventional Radiology , Xijing Hospital of Digestive Diseases, Fourth Military Medical University , Xi'an , China ;

Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology
|March 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Portopulmonary hypertension (PoPH) is pulmonary arterial hypertension in patients with portal hypertension. Early screening and PAH-specific treatments improve outcomes, while severe PoPH contraindicates transplantation.

Keywords:
Cirrhosisliver transplantationportopulmonary hypertensionpulmonary hypertension

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonology
  • Hepatology

Background:

  • Portopulmonary hypertension (PoPH) is a severe complication of portal hypertension.
  • It involves pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and leads to right ventricular failure.
  • PoPH prognosis is poor without treatment and often presents with non-specific symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of PoPH.
  • To emphasize the importance of active screening for PoPH in at-risk patients.
  • To discuss current therapeutic strategies and contraindications for transplantation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on PoPH.
  • Discussion of diagnostic tools including echocardiography and right heart catheterization.
  • Analysis of treatment outcomes with PAH-specific medications.

Main Results:

  • PoPH development is independent of liver disease severity.
  • PAH-specific medications show benefit in PoPH patients.
  • Severe, refractory PoPH increases perioperative mortality risk for transplantation.

Conclusions:

  • Active screening for PoPH is crucial due to its asymptomatic nature and poor prognosis.
  • PAH-specific therapies are beneficial for PoPH management.
  • Transplantation should be avoided in severe, medically refractory PoPH cases.