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Neurophysiological changes associated with implant placement.

Amely Hartmann1, Claudia Welte-Jzyk2, Marcus Seiler1

  • 1Private Practice Dr. Seiler und Kollegen, Filderstadt, Germany.

Clinical Oral Implants Research
|March 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) is feasible for detecting inferior alveolar nerve disturbances after dental implants. Maintaining a 2.65 mm safety zone helps avoid nerve injury during implant placement.

Keywords:
implant placementinferior alveolar nerve injuryneuropathic painneurophysiological changesquantitative sensory testing

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Area of Science:

  • Oral surgery
  • Neuroscience
  • Medical device technology

Background:

  • Dental implant procedures carry a risk of inferior alveolar nerve injury.
  • Assessing sensory disturbances post-implantation is crucial for patient outcomes.
  • Standardized protocols are needed to reliably evaluate nerve function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility of a standardized Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST) protocol for evaluating inferior alveolar nerve sensory disturbances.
  • To quantify sensory changes related to dental implant proximity to the inferior alveolar nerve canal.
  • To establish the diagnostic utility of QST in detecting neurosensory deficits after mandibular implant placement.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive extra- and intraoral QST protocol was applied to 33 patients post-mandibular implant placement.
  • Bilateral testing (chin and lower lip mucosa) was performed, comparing implanted and control sides.
  • One patient with confirmed inferior alveolar nerve injury was included for comparative analysis.

Main Results:

  • No significant neurophysiological changes were detected in QST parameters when comparing implanted and control sides.
  • Mechanical QST parameters did not show a significant correlation with implant proximity to the inferior alveolar nerve canal.
  • A mean safety distance of 2.65 mm was observed between implants and the nerve canal; one patient with nerve impairment exhibited abnormal sensory responses.

Conclusions:

  • Intra- and extraoral QST is a feasible method for monitoring trigeminal nerve function after dental implantation.
  • A safety margin of approximately 2.65 mm is effective in preventing inferior alveolar nerve sensory disturbances.
  • QST can aid in the early detection and quantification of sensory deficits following implant procedures.