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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 23, 2026

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Mummified Thyroid Syndrome.

Alexis Lacout1, Carole Chevenet2, Pierre-Yves Marcy3

  • 11 Centre d'Imagerie Médicale, 47 Blvd duPont Rouge, 15000 Aurillac, France.

AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology
|March 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Differentiating benign collapsed thyroid nodules from cancer is crucial. Key sonographic features like calcifications and lack of vascularity, alongside shrinkage over time, aid in diagnosing these "mummified" nodules and avoiding unnecessary surgery.

Keywords:
Doppler ultrasoundTIRADScystic-like thyroid nodulemummythyroid cancerthyroid nodulethyroid nodule shrinkage

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Radiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Thyroid nodules are common, with some benign nodules undergoing structural changes.
  • These changes can mimic malignant features on ultrasound, leading to diagnostic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline sonographic characteristics differentiating benign collapsed thyroid nodules from thyroid carcinoma.
  • To emphasize the role of imaging and fine-needle aspiration in diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of sonographic features of thyroid nodules.
  • Inclusion of Doppler sonography findings.
  • Analysis of fine-needle aspiration cytology results.

Main Results:

  • Specific features like regular eggshell calcifications, hypoechoic rim, posterior shadowing, and absent intranodular vascularity suggest benignity.
  • Thyroid nodule shrinkage over time is a key indicator of benign changes.
  • Mummified nodules exhibit characteristic sonographic patterns.

Conclusions:

  • Sonographic features and comparison with prior imaging are vital for diagnosing benign collapsed nodules.
  • Fine-needle aspiration and follow-up ultrasound aid in confirming benign findings.
  • Accurate identification of mummified nodules can prevent unnecessary surgical intervention.