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Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Decomposing the Variance in Reading Comprehension to Reveal the Unique and Common Effects of Language and Decoding
Published on: October 11, 2018
Effects of the Reread-Adapt and Answer-Comprehend and goal setting intervention on decoding and reading comprehension
Youjia Hua1, Chengan Yuan1, Kristin Monroe1
1a Department of Teaching and Learning , University of Iowa , Iowa City , IA , USA.
Objective:
Reread-Adapt and Answer-Comprehend (RAAC) + Goal Setting intervention is a reading intervention that addresses both oral reading fluency (ORF) and reading comprehension while supporting persistence and motivation for learners who struggle with reading.
Method:
We delivered the RAAC + Goal Setting intervention to five young adult learners with intellectual disabilities (ID) in a postsecondary education setting. In the study, we investigated the effects of the intervention on generalization of reading skills to novel passages.
Results:
Utilizing a response-guided and randomized multiple-baseline across the participants' design, we failed to reject the null hypothesis of no treatment effects based on the computed p-value. Traditional visual analysis of the data also reached a similar conclusion, however, we found that two participants' decoding skills improved during the intervention.
Conclusions:
We did not find a functional relation between the intervention and student reading performance.
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