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Related Concept Videos

Kidney Structure01:45

Kidney Structure

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The kidneys are two large bean-shaped organs located in the upper abdomen. They filter the blood several times a day to remove toxins and rebalance water and electrolytes of the circulatory system via the renal veins. The kidneys receive blood directly from the heart via the renal arteries. These arteries enter the kidney at the hilum, the concave surface of the bean, where they branch and divide into smaller vessels and capillaries.
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Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

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The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma...
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Kidney Transplant I: Introduction01:28

Kidney Transplant I: Introduction

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A kidney transplant is a surgical approach that involves replacing a non-functioning kidney with a healthy one from a donor. This procedure is often a treatment option for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. The method requires careful recipient selection, including evaluating various medical and psychosocial factors. These criteria vary between transplant centers but generally include assessments of the patient's overall health, adherence to medical recommendations, and lifestyle...
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Renal Corpuscle01:20

Renal Corpuscle

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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
The glomerulus is a tiny, intricate network of capillaries located at the beginning of the nephron. It's enveloped by the Bowman's capsule and receives its blood supply from an afferent arteriole, which divides into numerous...
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Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate01:25

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate

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The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a critical indicator of kidney health, reflecting how well the kidneys filter blood. Changes in GFR can signal potential kidney impairment, necessitating accurate measurement methods to monitor kidney function effectively.Various molecules can serve as markers for GFR measurement, with the ideal marker meeting several specific criteria. It must freely filter at the glomerulus, avoid reabsorption or secretion by the renal tubules, remain unmetabolized, not...
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Physiology of the Genitourinary System I: Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration01:29

Physiology of the Genitourinary System I: Renal Blood Flow and Glomerular Filtration

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The kidneys are vital organs responsible for regulating blood filtration, waste excretion, and fluid balance, all of which are crucial for maintaining homeostasis. Renal physiology examines renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and urine formation, ensuring the body’s internal environment remains stable.Renal Blood FlowThe kidneys receive about 20-25% of the cardiac output, typically around 1200 mL of blood per minute in an average adult. Blood flows into the kidneys through the renal...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 23, 2026

An Efficient Sieving Method to Isolate Intact Glomeruli from Adult Rat Kidney
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An Efficient Sieving Method to Isolate Intact Glomeruli from Adult Rat Kidney

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Glomerular Function and Structure in Living Donors: Lessons from Single Nephron Studies.

Colin R Lenihan1, Bryan D Myers1, Jane C Tan1

  • 1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA USA.

Current Transplantation Reports
|March 23, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Living kidney donation is generally safe, but carries a small increased risk of kidney failure. This review explores kidney physiology after donation and contrasts it with kidney disease models.

Keywords:
Donor safetyGlomerular physiologyKidney donorLiving donorSingle nephron

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Last Updated: Mar 23, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Renal Physiology
  • Transplantation Science

Background:

  • Living kidney donation is a significant source of transplants, with generally excellent long-term outcomes for donors.
  • Emerging evidence suggests a minor increase in end-stage renal failure risk for living kidney donors.
  • Understanding kidney adaptation post-donation is crucial, drawing parallels with experimental models of nephron loss.

Approach:

  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on glomerular filtration determinants.
  • It examines the physiological mechanisms of post-donation hyperfiltration.
  • Methods for assessing glomerular number and size are discussed.

Key Points:

  • Living kidney donation is a significant source of transplants with excellent long-term outcomes for most donors.
  • The physiological response, including hyperfiltration, is a key area of study.
  • The 'remnant kidney' model provides insights into potential disease progression, though it rarely occurs in healthy human donors.

Conclusions:

  • Living kidney donation is largely safe, with excellent outcomes for most donors.
  • The human kidney demonstrates remarkable compensatory mechanisms post-donation, preventing progressive disease in most cases.
  • Further research into glomerular dynamics can refine our understanding of kidney health after donation.