Ventricular Assist Device Implantation: Perioperative Nursing Considerations

Treatment for patients in end-stage heart failure has been revolutionized by the development of the ventricular assist device (VAD), an implantable heart pump used for long-term mechanical circulatory support. These devices are now small, lightweight, and efficient continuous-flow pumps that have replaced the larger, heavier, fill-to-empty predecessors. Management of the VAD case requires interdisciplinary effort across a diverse continuum of care and an understanding of new implantation techniques. This article describes current advances in VAD technology, indications for use, and perioperative nursing considerations related to patients who have undergone VAD implantation.