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A Modified Lean and Release Technique to Emphasize Response Inhibition and Action Selection in Reactive Balance

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Normal aging increases postural preparation errors: Evidence from a two-choice response task with balance

Julius Verrel¹, Nina Lisofsky¹, Simone Kühn¹

¹Department of Lifespan Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Development,Berlin, Germany.

|March 24, 2016

Summary

Older adults exhibit slower response times and more postural preparation errors in balance tasks. Age-related balance decline, not general slowing, explains these differences, particularly in older adults.

Keywords:

Aging Balance Inhibition Partial errors Response conflict

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Area of Science:

Gerontology
Neuroscience
Biomechanics

Background:

Correlational studies suggest a link between age-related balance decline and cognitive control deficits.
However, few studies examine these functions concurrently within a single experimental paradigm.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate age-related differences in a response task incorporating balance constraints.
To analyze the impact of response conflict on balance and cognitive control in young versus older adults.

Main Methods:

Participants performed a two-choice foot-lifting task with symbolic cues (L/R) under varying levels of response conflict (congruent, incongruent, neutral visual stimuli).
Measurements included response times, preparatory weight shifts (PWS), and foot lift movements using force plates and motion capture.
Two age groups (young: 20-30 years; older: 59-74 years) participated.

Main Results:

Older adults demonstrated slower response times and increased PWS errors compared to younger adults.
Response conflict (incongruent distractors) impaired performance (response time, PWS errors) similarly across age groups.
Age and compatibility effects on response time diminished in error-free trials and were linked to PWS errors in older adults.
Older adults showed a correlation between balance task compatibility effects and Flanker task compatibility effects.

Conclusions:

Adult age differences in response latencies during balance tasks are primarily attributed to increased postural preparation errors.
These findings suggest that age-related balance decline, rather than general cognitive slowing, underlies performance decrements in tasks requiring both balance and cognitive control.