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Maintenance of the ES Cell State01:14

Maintenance of the ES Cell State

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The cells of the blastocyst inner cell mass only remain pluripotent for a short time. This state of pluripotency and self-renewal can be maintained in embryonic stem (ES) cell culture by adding specific chemicals or growth factors to ensure the cells can continue dividing and later differentiate into different cell types. In some cases, the cells are grown on a feeder layer of differentiated cells, which provides the growth factors and extracellular matrix components necessary for stem cell...
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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Capturing the ephemeral human pluripotent state.

Daniela Ávila-González1, Guadalupe García-López1, Irma Lydia García-Castro1

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Summary

Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) encompass various types, including embryonic stem cells (hESC) and induced PSC (hiPSC). This review explores their characteristics, differentiation potential, and the role of feeder cells in maintaining pluripotency.

Keywords:
heterogeneitynaïve pluripotencyprimed pluripotency

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Area of Science:

  • Stem cell biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Cellular reprogramming

Background:

  • Pluripotency is transient during human development, but can be captured in vitro as pluripotent stem cells (PSC).
  • Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) can be derived from embryonic or somatic sources under specific conditions.
  • Diverse types of hPSC exist, including primed hESC, naïve-like hPSC, region-selective PSC, and induced PSC (hiPSC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and analyze different types of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSC).
  • To compare their differentiation potentials and the molecular mechanisms governing pluripotency.
  • To discuss the necessity of human feeder cells for deriving and maintaining hPSC.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and analysis of existing studies on human pluripotent stem cells.
  • Comparative analysis of differentiation potential and molecular circuitry.
  • Discussion on the role of feeder cells in hPSC culture.

Main Results:

  • Identification and categorization of various hPSC types: primed hESC, naïve-like hPSC, region-selective PSC, and hiPSC.
  • Analysis of similarities and differences in differentiation capabilities across hPSC types.
  • Highlighting the importance of feeder cells for emulating in vivo developmental interactions.

Conclusions:

  • Human pluripotent stem cells exhibit diverse characteristics and developmental potentials.
  • Understanding the molecular circuitry of pluripotency is crucial for stem cell applications.
  • Feeder cells play a vital role in supporting hPSC derivation and maintenance, mimicking embryonic microenvironments.