Extrahepatic manifestations of hepatitis E virus

Area of Science:

• Hepatology and Virology
• Infectious Diseases
• Immunology

Background:

• Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a significant cause of acute, fulminant, and chronic liver disease globally.
• Beyond liver inflammation, HEV infection is increasingly recognized for its diverse extrahepatic manifestations.
• Understanding these extrahepatic effects is crucial for comprehensive patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

• To comprehensively review and synthesize all published literature on extrahepatic manifestations associated with Hepatitis E virus infection.
• To consolidate information on neurological, renal, and autoimmune complications linked to HEV.
• To provide a valuable resource for clinicians and researchers dealing with HEV-related conditions.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature search of published reports and case studies.
• Inclusion of studies detailing neurological, renal, and other autoimmune manifestations of HEV.
• Categorization and analysis of reported extrahepatic conditions.

Main Results:

• Neurological manifestations are common, including Guillain-Barré syndrome, neuralgic amyotrophy, and encephalitis.
• Renal injuries such as glomerulonephritis (membranoproliferative and membranous) have been frequently reported.
• Other autoimmune conditions like myocarditis, thyroiditis, and hematological disorders are also associated with HEV infection.

Conclusions:

• Hepatitis E virus infection is associated with a wide spectrum of extrahepatic manifestations affecting multiple organ systems.
• Early recognition and management of these diverse complications are essential for improving patient outcomes.
• Further research is warranted to elucidate the precise mechanisms underlying HEV-induced extrahepatic pathology.