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Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Electrophoretic Delivery of γ-aminobutyric Acid GABA into Epileptic Focus Prevents Seizures in Mice
Published on: May 16, 2019
Management of epilepsy during pregnancy: an update
Sima I Patel1, Page B Pennell2
1Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Health/MINCEP Epilepsy Care, 5775 Wayzata Blvd, Minneapolis, MN 55416, USA.
Abstract:
The clinical management of women with epilepsy on antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) during pregnancy presents unique challenges. The goal of treatment is optimal seizure control with minimal in utero fetal exposure to AEDs in an effort to reduce the risk of structural and neurodevelopmental teratogenic effects. This paper reviews the following key issues pertaining to women with epilepsy during pregnancy: AED pharmacokinetics; clinical management of AEDs; seizure frequency; major congenital malformation; neurodevelopmental outcomes; perinatal complications; and breast feeding.
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