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Exploring the Neural Correlates of Cognitive Reappraisal in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Using Task-based Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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Two systems for empathy in obsessive-compulsive disorder: mentalizing and experience sharing.

Maria C Pino1, Domenico De Berardis2,3, Melania Mariano4

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Patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) exhibit impaired mentalizing abilities. While they can share positive emotional experiences, they struggle with negative ones, indicating specific empathy deficits in OCD.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental health condition characterized by obsessions and compulsions.
  • Previous research suggests potential deficits in emotion recognition among individuals with OCD.
  • Empathy is a complex construct encompassing mentalizing and experience-sharing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare empathic abilities in patients with OCD against control subjects.
  • To investigate specific deficits in mentalizing and experience-sharing within the OCD population.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 24 individuals diagnosed with OCD and 23 healthy controls participated.
  • Participants underwent standardized empathic measures assessing various dimensions of empathy.

Main Results:

  • Patients with OCD demonstrated significant deficits across all assessed mentalizing measures.
  • The OCD group showed impaired ability to understand others' mental and emotional states.
  • In experience-sharing, OCD patients empathized with positive emotions but not negative ones.

Conclusions:

  • Individuals with OCD exhibit difficulties in mentalizing.
  • Empathy deficits in OCD appear specific to sharing negative emotional valence, not positive valence.