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Related Concept Videos

Pivot Bearings01:23

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In mechanical systems, bearings are crucial in facilitating relative motion between two components while minimizing friction and wear. They help distribute various loads (radial, axial or a combination of both loads) across machinery parts, ensuring smooth and efficient operation.
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An electric motor applies a torque of 700 N·m to an aluminum shaft, triggering a stable rotation. Two pulleys, B and C, are subjected to torques of 300 N·m and 400 N·m, respectively. The modulus of rigidity is provided as 25 GPa. With the knowledge of the length and diameter of each segment, the twist angle between the two pulleys can be computed. First, a section cut is made between pulleys B and C, and the cut cross-section is analyzed using a free-body diagram. Given that the torque...
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Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Magnetic Tweezers for the Measurement of Twist and Torque
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Electromagnetic tracking of the pivot-shift.

Ryosuke Kuroda1, Yuichi Hoshino2

  • 1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe University, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-chi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan. kurodar@med.kobe-u.ac.jp.

Current Reviews in Musculoskeletal Medicine
|March 24, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Quantitative evaluation of the pivot-shift test using an electromagnetic tracking system precisely measures rotational laxity in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injured and reconstructed knees.

Keywords:
Anterior cruciate ligamentElectromagnetic tracking deviceKnee kinematicsPivot-shift testRotational laxity

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Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • The pivot-shift test is crucial for assessing rotational laxity in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and reconstructions.
  • Residual rotational laxity can persist post-ACL reconstruction, impacting subjective knee function.
  • Clinical pivot-shift testing is subjective and difficult to quantify due to complex knee movements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and validate an electromagnetic tracking system for quantitative evaluation of the pivot-shift test.
  • To characterize abnormal knee kinematics during the pivot-shift test in ACL-injured or reconstructed knees.

Main Methods:

  • Development of an electromagnetic tracking system to capture 6-degree-of-freedom knee kinematics.
  • High-sampling rate data acquisition during the pivot-shift test.
  • Analysis of kinematic data to identify abnormal movement patterns.

Main Results:

  • The electromagnetic tracking system provides quantitative data on knee kinematics during the pivot-shift test.
  • Abnormal pivot-shift movement is characterized by increased anterior tibial translation and accelerated tibial posterior reduction.
  • The system enables objective assessment of rotational laxity.

Conclusions:

  • Electromagnetic tracking offers a reliable method for quantitative pivot-shift testing.
  • This technology aids in the objective assessment of rotational laxity post-ACL reconstruction.
  • It supports clinical follow-up and research in ACL injury management.