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Infectious Disease and Grouping Patterns in Mule Deer.

María Fernanda Mejía Salazar¹, Cheryl Waldner², Joseph Stookey²

¹Department of Veterinary Pathology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.

|March 24, 2016

Summary

Rocky Mountain mule deer showing chronic wasting disease (CWD) signs were less social. Sociality varied by season, habitat, and time, impacting CWD transmission dynamics.

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Area of Science:

Wildlife ecology
Disease ecology
Mammalian social behavior

Background:

Infectious disease spread is influenced by host social structures.
Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) is a significant concern in wildlife populations.
Understanding sociality in mule deer is crucial for managing CWD transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess sociality in Rocky Mountain mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus hemionus) in a CWD-endemic area.
To identify factors influencing mule deer group occurrence and size.
To evaluate the relationship between CWD status and social behavior.

Main Methods:

Utilized group size data from 365 radio-collared mule deer (2008-2013).
Employed generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) to analyze factors affecting group occurrence and size.
Quantified sociality using typical, mean, and median group sizes.

Main Results:

Mule deer with clinical CWD signs were less likely to be in groups than healthy deer.
Group occurrence was higher in February-March than July.
Groups were larger in mixed-sex, early gestation pairings and in open habitats at dawn/dusk.

Conclusions:

Clinical CWD status is associated with reduced sociality in mule deer.
Seasonal, habitat, and temporal factors significantly influence mule deer social behavior.
Findings provide insights into CWD transmission dynamics within mule deer populations.