Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Cardiovascular Drugs: Classification based on Therapeutic Indications

Cardiovascular Drugs: Classification based on Therapeutic Indications

Cardiovascular diseases, encompassing a range of conditions, can significantly affect the heart's operations and the overall circulatory system. These conditions impair the heart's ability to pump blood, leading to a deficit in oxygen supply to crucial organs. Anomalies in the heart's electrical system, known as arrhythmias, can cause heartbeats to accelerate or slow down. Usually, heart rates increase during physical activity and decrease while resting or sleeping. However,...

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical Development: Overview

Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...

In Vitro Drug Release Testing: Overview, Development and Validation

In Vitro Drug Release Testing: Overview, Development and Validation

In vitro dissolution and drug release tests assess how quickly and how much of a drug is released from its dosage form into an aqueous medium under standardized laboratory conditions. These tests are essential tools in pharmaceutical development and quality assurance, offering insight into the drug's performance before clinical use.During formulation development, dissolution testing identifies incomplete or inconsistent drug release issues. It also supports decisions on selecting the optimal...

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

Blood Studies for Cardiovascular System I: Cardiac Biomarkers

Cardiac biomarkers are enzymes, proteins, and hormones released into the blood when cardiac cells are injured. They are powerful tools for triaging.
The essential diagnostic tools for detecting myocardial necrosis and monitoring individuals suspected of having acute coronary syndrome (ACS) include:
Troponins
Troponins, particularly cardiac troponins I and T, are the most precise and sensitive markers of myocardial injury. They are detectable within 4-6 hours of myocardial injury and remain...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Percutaneous coronary intervention plus guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) versus GDMT alone in adults with stable coronary artery disease.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews·2026

Same author

Beta-Blockers after Myocardial Infarction without Reduced Ejection Fraction.

The New England journal of medicine·2025

Same author

Dapagliflozin in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Implantation.

The New England journal of medicine·2025

Same author

Colchicine for the primary prevention of cardiovascular events.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews·2025

Same author

Interleukin-receptor antagonist and tumour necrosis factor inhibitors for the primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.

The Cochrane database of systematic reviews·2024

Same author

[Primary percutaneous coronary intervention in centenarians: Time to be ready].

Revista espanola de geriatria y gerontologia·2022

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Assessing Endothelial Vasodilator Function with the Endo-PAT 2000

Assessing Endothelial Vasodilator Function with the Endo-PAT 2000

Published on: October 15, 2010

Cardiovascular Safety in Drug Development: A Role for Endothelial Function Tests.

Juan Ruiz-Garcia¹, Eduardo Alegria-Barrero²

¹Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario de Torrejon, Madrid, Spain Facultad de Ciencias Biosanitarias, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain j.ruizgarcia@hotmail.com.

Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

|March 25, 2016

Summary

Drug development faces delays due to safety concerns, particularly cardiovascular toxicity. Incorporating endothelial function tests early can improve drug safety and reduce patient risk.

Keywords:

atherosclerosis cardiac pharmacology endothelium proarrhythmic effects

More Related Videos

Author Spotlight: Exercise Test for Evaluation of the Functional Efficacy of the Pig Cardiovascular System

Author Spotlight: Exercise Test for Evaluation of the Functional Efficacy of the Pig Cardiovascular System

Published on: May 12, 2023

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test

Published on: April 27, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Assessing Endothelial Vasodilator Function with the Endo-PAT 2000

Assessing Endothelial Vasodilator Function with the Endo-PAT 2000

Published on: October 15, 2010

Author Spotlight: Exercise Test for Evaluation of the Functional Efficacy of the Pig Cardiovascular System

Author Spotlight: Exercise Test for Evaluation of the Functional Efficacy of the Pig Cardiovascular System

Published on: May 12, 2023

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test

Ultrasound Assessment of Endothelial Function: A Technical Guideline of the Flow-mediated Dilation Test

Published on: April 27, 2016

Area of Science:

Pharmacology
Cardiovascular Medicine
Drug Development

Background:

Drug development is lengthy and costly, with safety concerns causing significant resource expenditure.
Many drugs are withdrawn post-market due to unforeseen safety issues, including cardiovascular toxicity.
Current cardiovascular safety assessments are insufficient, leading to patient exposure to risks.

Purpose of the Study:

To propose integrating validated, non-invasive endothelial function tests into drug development.
To enhance the assessment of cardiovascular safety profiles of new drugs.
To mitigate cardiovascular risks associated with pharmaceutical products.

Main Methods:

Review of current drug development challenges and cardiovascular safety assessment limitations.
Identification of endothelial dysfunction as an early indicator of cardiovascular risk.
Proposal for incorporating specific endothelial function tests into clinical trials.

Main Results:

Endothelial dysfunction is an early pathophysiological sign and predictor of cardiovascular events.
Endothelial toxicity is implicated in drug-induced cardiovascular adverse effects.
Current safety testing methods fail to adequately predict late-stage cardiovascular risks.

Conclusions:

Regular inclusion of endothelial function tests can improve cardiovascular safety evaluation.
This approach may facilitate the development of safer cardiovascular drugs.
Proactive assessment of endothelial function can prevent late-stage drug withdrawals and patient harm.