The association of angiotensin-converting enzyme gene insertion/deletion polymorphisms with adaptation to high
Yuxiao Wang1, Hongxiang Lu1, Yu Chen2
1Department of Military Medical Geography, College of High Altitude Military Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China Battalion 5 Cadet Brigade, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China Key Laboratory of High-altitude Medicine, Ministry of Education, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
Background:
Fluid retention is linked to the physiology and pathophysiology of humans at high altitude (HA). The angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene plays a role in the regulation of plasma volume and vascular tone.
Materials And Methods:
In this meta-analysis, eligible studies published before 1 September 2015 that focused on the association between the ACE insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism and HA adaption were identified by searching the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Medline online databases. We used a fixed-effects model and assessed the study qualities multiple times.
Results:
The seven selected studies included a total of 582 HA-native individuals and 497 low-altitude controls, and these subjects were analyzed for the ACE I/D gene polymorphism. A significant association was found between the ACE DD genotype and HA maladaptation. The results for genotype DD versus ID + II were as follows: Odds ratio (OR) = 0.46; 95% CI 0.31-0.70; p = 0.0002. The results for genotype ID versus DD were as follows: OR = 1.97; 95% CI 1.27-3.06; p = 0.002.
Conclusions:
Our findings suggested that the DD genotype of ACE is a risk factor for HA maladaptation and that the presence of fewer ACE DD allele carriers in a population indicates a greater ability of that population to adapt to HA.
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