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Anatomy of the Adrenal Glands01:17

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The adrenal or supra-renal glands, situated above the kidneys and aligned with the twelfth rib, are paired pyramid-shaped structures crucial for the body's stress response. During stress, these glands secrete hormones vital for adaptive physiological reactions.
These glands possess a distinctive yellow tinge due to the stored cholesterol and fatty acids required for hormone synthesis. They are encased in a fibrous capsule and cushioned by fat.
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Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
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The development of lymphatic tissues and vessels in embryonic life begins around the fifth week. These structures originate from the mesoderm layer, with lymph sacs emerging from developing veins.
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The sympathetic pathways of the collateral ganglia and adrenal medulla serve unique but interconnected roles in the sympathetic response.
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Adrenal Gland Lymphangiomas.

Nick Michalopoulos1, Styliani Laskou1, Georgia Karayannopoulou2

  • 13rd Department of Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA University Hospital, 56 Papanastasiou Str, Thessaloniki, 54642 Greece.

The Indian Journal of Surgery
|March 25, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Adrenal lymphangiomas (ALs) are rare, benign vascular tumors. This review found ALs are more common in women and often present incidentally, with diagnosis confirmed post-surgery via histology.

Keywords:
Adrenal cystAdrenal tumorIncidentalomaLymphangioma

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Pathology
  • Vascular Surgery

Background:

  • Adrenal lymphangiomas (ALs) are rare benign vascular neoplasms.
  • Only 53 cases have been documented in existing literature.
  • They often present as incidental findings on abdominal imaging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and analyze clinical and pathological features of all reported adult adrenal lymphangiomas.
  • To present a typical case of adrenal lymphangioma.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted for adult adrenal lymphangiomas.
  • Clinical and pathological data from 38 relevant articles were compiled into a database.
  • Analysis focused on demographics, presentation, size, location, and diagnostic methods.

Main Results:

  • Adrenal lymphangiomas were more prevalent in women.
  • The average age of diagnosis was 39.5 years, with a mean tumor size of 8.86 cm.
  • Fifty-nine percent of ALs were located on the right side; symptoms correlated with size and location, though 30.4% were asymptomatic.

Conclusions:

  • Adrenal lymphangiomas are rare, benign lesions typically discovered incidentally.
  • Diagnosis is confirmed post-surgical resection through histological and immunohistochemical examination.
  • Understanding these features aids in the diagnosis and management of adrenal lymphangiomas.