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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

Published on: September 5, 2017

Breast Tuberculosis.

Durganna Thimmappa¹, M N Mallikarjuna¹, Abhishek Vijayakumar¹

¹Department of General Surgery Victoria Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, 560002 India.

The Indian Journal of Surgery

|March 25, 2016

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Mammary tuberculosis is a rare but challenging diagnosis, often mimicking other breast conditions. Accurate identification is crucial as treatments differ significantly, impacting patient outcomes.

Keywords:

Granulomatous mastitis Mastitis Tuberculosis breast Tuberculosis in pregnancy

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Last Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

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Area of Science:

Infectious Diseases
Oncology
Pathology

Background:

Tuberculosis (TB) affects over a billion people globally, with a rising incidence of extrapulmonary TB.
Mammary tuberculosis accounts for approximately 0.1% of histologically examined breast lesions and 3-4.5% of surgically treated breast diseases in developing nations.
Breast TB is often paucibacillary, complicating diagnosis with standard methods like microscopy, culture, and PCR.

Purpose of the Study:

To highlight the diagnostic challenges associated with mammary tuberculosis.
To emphasize the importance of differentiating breast TB from other granulomatous mastitis and breast cancer.
To underscore the clinical significance of accurate diagnosis for appropriate patient management.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on mammary tuberculosis diagnosis and clinical presentation.
Analysis of diagnostic limitations for breast TB compared to pulmonary TB.
Discussion of differential diagnoses, including granulomatous mastitis and breast carcinoma.

Main Results:

Standard microbiological and molecular diagnostic tests show limited utility in breast TB.
Histological features of breast TB can be indistinguishable from other inflammatory breast conditions.
Coexistence of breast tuberculosis and carcinoma presents significant diagnostic hurdles.

Conclusions:

Accurate diagnosis of tuberculous mastitis is critical due to varied treatment modalities.
Misdiagnosis can lead to inappropriate treatments such as steroids or surgery, with potentially severe consequences.
Further research into improved diagnostic strategies for breast TB is warranted.