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Related Concept Videos

Blood Transfusion01:15

Blood Transfusion

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Blood transfusion is a critical medical procedure that saves lives and treats various medical conditions. It involves transferring blood from a donor to a recipient. This process requires a thorough understanding of the ABO blood group system and its associated antigens and antibodies.
Blood Transfusion Overview
A blood transfusion is a medical procedure used to replace blood lost due to injury, surgery, or to treat conditions such as anemia or cancer. During a transfusion, donor blood is...
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Blood Transfusion and Agglutination02:45

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Blood transfusion is a therapeutic measure to restore the blood volume after extensive blood loss due to an accident or a medical procedure. Blood transfusion involves drawing a certain amount of blood from a suitable donor and infusing it into the recipient.
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Human blood is classified into different types based on the presence of antigens on the red blood cell's surface and antibodies in the plasma. Proper identification of blood type is essential for successful blood transfusion. The International Society of Blood Transfusion has identified 38 human blood types based on the surface antigens on the red blood cells. The most common types are ABO, Rh, and MNS blood types.
ABO blood group
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Understanding an individual's blood group is a critical component of transfusion medicine. It ensures compatibility in blood transfusions, organ transplants, and even during pregnancy. Determining these blood groups involves the ABO and Rh blood typing systems, utilizing specific antigens and corresponding anti-sera to identify an individual's blood type.
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Nucleic acid testing: Is it the only answer for safe Blood in India?

N K Naidu1, Z S Bharucha2, Vandana Sonawane3

  • 1Medical Director, Indian Red Cross Society, Bombay City Branch Blood Centre, Mumbai, India.

Asian Journal of Transfusion Science
|March 25, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Implementing Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT) in India faces challenges due to fragmented transfusion services. However, a well-designed algorithm and voluntary blood donation significantly reduce transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs).

Keywords:
NAT yieldalgorithmshaemovigilancewindow period

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Area of Science:

  • Transfusion Medicine
  • Infectious Disease Epidemiology
  • Public Health Policy

Background:

  • India's transfusion services are fragmented, poorly regulated, with inconsistent quality standards for testing.
  • Blood centers rely on replacement donors, and laboratory testing for transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) lacks quality assurance.
  • Introducing Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT) for blood donor screening in India presents significant challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility and benefits of universal NAT testing for blood donors in India.
  • To assess the true seroprevalence of TTIs in the Indian donor population.
  • To determine the effectiveness of existing testing strategies and identify areas for improvement.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective analysis of five years (2008-2012) of blood donor data was conducted.
  • WHO strategies II and III were employed to determine the true reactivity of donors.
  • Donor data was analyzed to understand the seroprevalence of TTI infections.

Main Results:

  • The true reactivity of donors was considerably lower than initially reactive donors, attributed to a robust testing algorithm.
  • A high proportion of voluntary blood collection and effective pre-donation counseling programs contributed to reduced infection transmission.
  • The study highlights the impact of comprehensive donor screening and management on blood safety.

Conclusions:

  • India should prioritize the implementation of WHO Aide-memoire strategies for blood transfusion services.
  • Emphasis must be placed on voluntary, non-remunerated, and repeat blood donation with stringent donor selection and pre-donation counseling.
  • Establishing a strong quality management system, defined testing strategies, and a robust hemovigilance system are crucial for enhancing blood safety.