Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Thyroid Gland

The Thyroid Gland

The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal Gland Disorders

Adrenal gland disorders manifest when the production of adrenal hormones deviates from the norm, resulting in either excessive or insufficient concentrations.
Adrenal insufficiency, characterized by insufficient cortisol and aldosterone production, leads to conditions like Addison's disease. This disorder, affecting the adrenal cortex, exhibits symptoms such as skin bronzing, dehydration, low blood pressure, fatigue, and weight loss. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, a genetic ailment causing...

Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management

Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management

Nursing management is essential for preventing complications, maintaining stability, and improving patients' quality of life in chronic kidney disease (CKD). By using a structured approach, nurses help slow CKD progression and support effective patient care.1. Comprehensive patient assessmentEffective management begins with nurses reviewing the patient’s medical history, and identifying key risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and nephrotoxic drug use. Nurses assess signs of...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Observational cohort study of highly functioning community-dwelling older adults to assess their sarcopenic status, leisure physical activity, and quality of life over 12-months.

Heliyon·2023

Same author

Trends in osteoporotic fracture and related in-hospital complications during the COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta, Canada.

Archives of osteoporosis·2022

Same author

Trends in osteoporosis care patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic in Alberta, Canada.

Archives of osteoporosis·2022

Same author

Assessing the Impact of Factors that Influence the Ketogenic Response to Varying Doses of Medium Chain Triglyceride (MCT) Oil.

The journal of prevention of Alzheimer's disease·2020

Same author

The Functional Medicine Approach to COVID-19: Virus-Specific Nutraceutical and Botanical Agents.

Integrative medicine (Encinitas, Calif.)·2020

Same author

Correction to: A 3i hip fracture liaison service with nurse and physician co-management is cost-effective when implemented as a standard clinical program.

Archives of osteoporosis·2020

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis

Published on: February 9, 2024

Clinical challenges in thyroid disease: Time for a new approach?

A G Juby¹, M G Hanly², D Lukaczer³

¹Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.

|March 26, 2016

Summary

Rising thyroid disease requires more than TSH monitoring. A comprehensive approach including GI function, diet, micronutrients, and advanced thyroid hormone testing improves outcomes for non-responders.

Keywords:

Diagnosis Thyroid disease Treatment

More Related Videos

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

Published on: June 9, 2023

A Personalized 3D-Printed Model for Preoperative Evaluation in Thyroid Surgery

A Personalized 3D-Printed Model for Preoperative Evaluation in Thyroid Surgery

Published on: February 17, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 23, 2026

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis

Author Spotlight: Integrating Ultrasound Imaging with Biochemical Markers for Thyroid Disease Diagnosis

Published on: February 9, 2024

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

Computer-Aided Three-Dimensional Visualization in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Thyroid Cancer

Published on: June 9, 2023

A Personalized 3D-Printed Model for Preoperative Evaluation in Thyroid Surgery

A Personalized 3D-Printed Model for Preoperative Evaluation in Thyroid Surgery

Published on: February 17, 2023

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Internal Medicine

Background:

Thyroid disease prevalence is increasing globally.
Traditional diagnosis and monitoring rely heavily on Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) levels.
Standard T4 therapy does not always resolve hypothyroid symptoms, leading to patient and physician dissatisfaction.

Observation:

A significant portion of patients do not achieve symptomatic improvement with TSH-guided therapy.
Non-traditional diagnostic and therapeutic strategies are needed for persistent hypothyroid symptoms.
Evaluation should extend beyond TSH to include gastrointestinal function, dietary history, and micronutrient status.

Findings:

Assessing thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies, T3, T4, and reverse T3 levels offers a more complete picture.
Some patients may benefit from T3 supplementation alongside standard T4 therapy.
Both elevated and suppressed TSH levels during treatment carry specific health risks (cardiac and bone health, respectively).

Implications:

A holistic approach to thyroid disease management can improve treatment efficacy for non-responders.
Understanding risks associated with TSH levels during treatment is crucial for patient safety.
This strategy offers practical insights for clinicians managing complex thyroid dysfunction cases.