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Updated: Mar 23, 2026

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Temperature modulates testis steroidogenesis in European eel.

David S Peñaranda1, Marina Morini1, Helge Tveiten2

  • 1Grupo de Acuicultura y Biodiversidad, Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera, s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part A, Molecular & Integrative Physiology
|March 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary

Temperature significantly impacts European eel (Anguilla anguilla) reproduction. Higher temperatures (≥15°C) are essential for spermatogonial maturation beyond the initial stage, influencing steroidogenesis for successful gonad development.

Keywords:
Anguilla anguillaGene expressionSpermatogenesisSteroidTemperature

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Fish Physiology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Spermatogenesis in European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is crucial for reproduction.
  • Temperature is a known environmental factor influencing fish reproductive cycles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of different thermal regimes on human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)-induced spermatogenesis in European eel.
  • To elucidate the role of temperature in regulating steroidogenic enzyme gene expression and steroid synthesis during eel spermatogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • European eels were subjected to three distinct thermal regimes (T10, T15, T20) with varying temperatures.
  • Spermatogenesis stages were monitored, and gene expression of steroidogenic enzymes (e.g., aacyp11a1, aacyp17-I, aa11βHSD, aacyp19a1, aacyp21) was analyzed.
  • Androgen (T, 11-KT) and estrogen (E2) synthesis were quantified at different spermatogonial stages (SPG1, SPG2).

Main Results:

  • Spermatogenesis halted at the A spermatogonial stage (SPG1) at 10°C; maturation required temperatures ≥15°C.
  • Androgen synthesis and the expression of androgen synthesis-related genes were not temperature-dependent at SPG1.
  • Estrogen synthesis and aacyp19a1 gene expression peaked at the B spermatogonial stage (SPG2), which was only achieved at temperatures ≥15°C. Aacyp21 gene expression was also higher at SPG2.

Conclusions:

  • Androgen synthesis is temperature-independent, but further spermatogonial maturation necessitates higher temperatures (≥15°C) to shift the steroidogenic pathway towards estrogen and progestin synthesis.
  • Temperature is a critical regulator of European eel gonad development and maturation, potentially influencing reproductive migration.