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Related Concept Videos

Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

80
Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
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Catalysis02:50

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The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

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Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.
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Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Potassium Permanganate02:21

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Alkenes can be dihydroxylated using potassium permanganate.  The method encompasses the reaction of an alkene with a cold, dilute solution of potassium permanganate under basic conditions to form a cis-diol along with a brown precipitate of manganese dioxide.
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Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes: Ozonolysis01:46

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In ozonolysis, ozone is used to cleave a carbon–carbon double bond to form aldehydes and ketones, or carboxylic acids, depending on the work-up.
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Oxidation-Reduction Reactions03:11

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Oxidation–Reduction Reactions
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Synthesis of Platinum-nickel Nanowires and Optimization for Oxygen Reduction Performance
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Homogeneously dispersed multimetal oxygen-evolving catalysts.

Bo Zhang1, Xueli Zheng2, Oleksandr Voznyy3

  • 1Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A4, Canada. Department of Physics, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China.

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New earth-abundant catalysts for the oxygen-evolution reaction (OER) show record low overpotential. Gelled iron-cobalt-tungsten oxyhydroxides offer enhanced performance and stability for OER applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • First-row transition metal catalysts for oxygen-evolution reaction (OER) require high overpotentials.
  • Tungsten can modulate 3d metal oxides to improve OER intermediate adsorption.
  • Developing efficient and stable OER catalysts is crucial for energy applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop earth-abundant catalysts for efficient OER.
  • To investigate the role of non-3d metals in enhancing OER performance.
  • To achieve low overpotential and high stability in OER catalysts.

Main Methods:

  • Room-temperature synthesis of gelled oxyhydroxides with homogeneous metal distribution.
  • Electrochemical testing of FeCoW oxyhydroxides for OER performance.
  • X-ray absorption and computational studies to elucidate catalytic mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Gelled FeCoW oxyhydroxides achieved the lowest reported overpotential (191 mV at 10 mA/cm²) in alkaline electrolyte.
  • The catalyst demonstrated excellent stability, with no degradation after 500 hours of operation.
  • Synergistic effects between W, Fe, and Co create favorable coordination and electronic structures for OER.

Conclusions:

  • Atomically homogeneous FeCoW oxyhydroxides are highly efficient and stable OER catalysts.
  • Tungsten plays a key role in enhancing the OER activity of 3d transition metal oxides.
  • The developed catalyst represents a significant advancement in OER catalysis for sustainable energy technologies.