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Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
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Acne is a multifactorial skin condition primarily affecting adolescents and young adults, with a global prevalence estimated to exceed 75% in this demographic. The condition is characterized by the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, nodules, and, in severe cases, cysts, particularly in areas rich in sebaceous glands such as the face, neck, chest, and back. The pathogenesis involves increased sebum production, follicular hyperkeratinization, colonization by...
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Staphylococcus aureus is a Gram-positive coccus that resides harmlessly on the skin and mucous membranes of healthy individuals. When the skin barrier is breached, it can shift from a commensal to an opportunistic pathogen. This transition is facilitated by surface adhesins, such as clumping factor B and S. aureus surface protein G (SasG), which bind to structural proteins, including loricrin and cytokeratin, in the damaged epidermis. Protein A, another key factor, binds the Fc region of...
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Diffuse HIV-associated seborrheic dermatitis - a case series.

Amy K Forrestel1, Carrie L Kovarik2, Anisa Mosam3

  • 1University of Pennsylvania, PA, USA Amy.forrestel@uphs.upenn.edu.

International Journal of STD & AIDS
|March 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) in HIV patients presents uniquely with widespread, scaly lesions and erythroderma. Recognizing these distinct features can aid in the early diagnosis of HIV infection.

Keywords:
AIDSHIVSeborrheic dermatitisdermatologyhuman immunodeficiency virus

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Seborrheic dermatitis (SD) exhibits distinct clinical and histologic features in individuals with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection.
  • Previous reports suggest unique presentations, necessitating further definition.

Observation:

  • This study analyzed 20 cases of seborrheic dermatitis in HIV-infected patients.
  • Common observations included erythematous, scaly papules and plaques beyond typical seborrheic areas.
  • Other features noted were thick, greasy scalp scale and increased erythroderma frequency.

Findings:

  • Histological examination revealed widespread parakeratosis, spongiosis, and necrotic keratinocytes.
  • Treatment challenges were frequent, often requiring prolonged antifungal, corticosteroid, and antibiotic therapies for superinfections.

Implications:

  • Distinctive seborrheic dermatitis presentations in HIV-infected individuals can serve as an early diagnostic marker.
  • Early identification may facilitate timely initiation of antiretroviral therapy and management of opportunistic infections.