Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 23, 2026
07:03
A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro
Published on: June 16, 2022
7.6K
[Unfolded protein response in osteoclastogenesis].
1Dept. of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, Japan.
Clinical Calcium
|March 26, 2016
Summary
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is crucial for endoplasmic reticulum function. Recent research reveals the UPR also plays a key role in regulating osteoclast differentiation, impacting bone biology.
Area of Science:
- Cellular Biology
- Molecular Biology
- Bone Biology
Context:
- Secreted proteins fold in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
- ER stress triggers the unfolded protein response (UPR) via three signaling pathways.
- The UPR traditionally maintains ER homeostasis.
Purpose:
- To review recent findings on the UPR's non-canonical roles.
- To explore the UPR's involvement in osteoclast differentiation.
Summary:
- The UPR, beyond ER maintenance, regulates osteoblast and chondrocyte differentiation.
- The UPR is activated in osteoclast precursors by RANKL stimulation.
- This review focuses on the UPR's emerging functions in osteoclastogenesis.
Impact:
- Highlights novel functions of the UPR in bone cell differentiation.
- Suggests the UPR as a potential therapeutic target in bone diseases.
- Expands understanding of cellular stress responses in specialized cell types.
Related Concept Videos
01:37The Unfolded Protein Response
6.8K
The ER is the hub of protein synthesis in a cell. It has robust systems to quality control protein folding and also for degradation of terminally misfolded proteins. Under normal conditions, a small proportion of misfolded proteins that cannot be salvaged need to be transported to the cytoplasm by the ER-associated degradation or ERAD pathways. However, if the ERAD cannot handle the misfolded proteins, the cell activates the unfolded protein response or UPR to adjust the protein folding...
6.8K
01:31Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling
4.7K
Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during...
4.7K
01:31Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response
3.2K
Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
3.2K
01:40Bone Remodeling
41.0K
Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
41.0K
01:17Hormones and Bone Tissue
4.2K
The endocrine system produces and secretes hormones, which interact with the skeletal system. These hormones control bone growth, maintain bone once it is formed, and remodel it.
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
Hormones That Influence Osteoblasts and/or Maintain the Matrix
Several hormones are necessary for controlling bone growth and maintaining the bone matrix. The pituitary gland secretes growth hormone (GH), which, as its name implies, controls bone growth. This happens in several ways: first, it triggers chondrocyte...
4.2K
01:30Bone Cells and Tissue
10.8K
Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the...
Osteoblasts and Osteocytes
The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the...
10.8K