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Related Concept Videos

Even and Odd Signals01:17

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The odds ratio (OR) is a statistical measure used extensively in epidemiology and research to quantify the strength of association between exposure and outcome across different groups. Unlike relative risk, which compares the probabilities of an event occurring, the odds ratio compares the odds of an event occurring in the exposed group to the odds of it occurring in the unexposed group. The odds, in this context, are calculated as the probability of the event happening divided by the...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

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Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

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Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
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G-protein Coupled Receptors01:21

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G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.
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Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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An Efficient Method to Obtain Dedifferentiated Fat Cells
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Fat and Bone: An Odd Couple.

Richard Kremer1, Vicente Gilsanz2

  • 1McGill University , Montreal, QC , Canada.

Frontiers in Endocrinology
|March 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Bone strength is influenced by fat distribution, including bone marrow fat, which regulates bone turnover. Understanding this complex relationship impacts future diagnostics and therapeutics.

Keywords:
MRIbonefathormonesimagingmarrow fatvitamin D

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Bone Biology
  • Metabolic Research

Background:

  • Bone strength is crucial for skeletal integrity.
  • The role of adipose tissue in bone metabolism is increasingly recognized.
  • Bone marrow fat's influence on bone turnover requires further elucidation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the regulatory role of fat, particularly bone marrow fat, in bone turnover.
  • To synthesize current literature on the mechanistic links between marrow fat and bone health.
  • To explore the relationship between body fat, body weight, hormonal regulation, and bone.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies.
  • Analysis of mechanistic data on fat-bone interactions.
  • Discussion of hormonal regulation in body fat-bone relationships.

Main Results:

  • Bone marrow fat and other fat depots directly and indirectly regulate bone turnover.
  • Hormonal regulation plays a key role in the interplay between body fat, body weight, and bone.
  • Accurate measurement of fat compartments presents challenges.

Conclusions:

  • Fat distribution significantly impacts bone strength and turnover.
  • A deeper understanding of fat-bone crosstalk is essential for clinical practice.
  • Future diagnostic and therapeutic strategies will benefit from these insights.