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Sleep Extension before Sleep Loss: Effects on Performance and Neuromuscular Function.

Pierrick J Arnal1, Thomas Lapole, Mégane Erblang

  • 11Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Université de Lyon, Saint Etienne, FRANCE; 2Fatigue and Vigilance Unit, Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Brétigny sur Orge, FRANCE; 3University of Paris Descartes, VIFASOM (Vigilance Fatigue and Sleep), Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôtel-Dieu, Paris EA7330, FRANCE; 4Extreme Environments Unit, Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute (IRBA), Brétigny sur Orge, FRANCE; 5Sleep and Vigilance Center, University of Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, APHP, Hôtel-Dieu, Paris, FRANCE; and 6Human Performance Laboratory, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, CANADA.

Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise
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Summary

Six nights of extended sleep improved endurance and reduced perceived exertion after total sleep deprivation. This sleep extension enhanced motor performance without altering voluntary muscle activation.

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Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Sleep Science
  • Neuromuscular Function

Background:

  • Sleep plays a crucial role in recovery and performance.
  • Total sleep deprivation (TSD) significantly impairs motor function and neuromuscular responses.
  • Understanding the impact of sleep extension on resilience to TSD is vital for athletes and occupational health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of six nights of sleep extension on motor performance.
  • To assess associated neuromuscular function before and after one night of total sleep deprivation (TSD).
  • To compare extended sleep (EXT) with habitual sleep (HAB) in mitigating TSD effects.

Main Methods:

  • Twelve healthy men underwent a randomized crossover design with either extended sleep (9.8h) or habitual sleep (8.2h) for six nights.
  • Motor performance and neuromuscular function were assessed at baseline (D0) and after one night of TSD (D1).
  • Maximal voluntary contractions and muscle stimulations were used before and after fatiguing isometric knee extensor exercises.

Main Results:

  • Time to exhaustion was longer in the EXT condition compared to HAB at both D0 and D1.
  • Motor performance decreased from D0 to D1 similarly in both conditions.
  • Rating of perceived exertion (RPE) during exercise was lower in EXT compared to HAB after TSD (D1), but not at baseline (D0).
  • No significant differences in voluntary activation were observed between EXT and HAB.

Conclusions:

  • Six nights of sleep extension enhances sustained contraction time to exhaustion.
  • The improvement in motor performance with sleep extension is not explained by changes in voluntary activation.
  • Reduced RPE after TSD likely contributes to the beneficial effects of sleep extension on motor performance.