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Clean Sampling and Analysis of River and Estuarine Waters for Trace Metal Studies
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Heavy metals detection in sediments using PGNAA method.

Hei Da-Qian1, Jia Wen-Bao2, Jiang Zhou1

  • 1Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106, China.

Applied Radiation and Isotopes : Including Data, Instrumentation and Methods for Use in Agriculture, Industry and Medicine
|March 26, 2016
PubMed
Summary

A new prompt gamma ray neutron activation analysis system effectively detects heavy metals in sediments. Corrections were developed for neutron self-shielding, improving cadmium and mercury detection accuracy.

Keywords:
Linear relationshipMinimum detectable concentrationNeutron self-shieldingPrompt gamma ray neutron activation analysis

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear Physics
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Accurate heavy metal detection in sediments is crucial for environmental monitoring.
  • Prompt gamma ray neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) offers a non-destructive method for elemental analysis.
  • Neutron self-shielding can affect the linearity of PGNAA response for certain elements.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a prompt gamma ray neutron activation analysis (PGNAA) detection system for heavy metals in sediments.
  • To investigate the relationship between prompt gamma ray counts and heavy metal concentrations, specifically cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg).
  • To address and correct for the non-linear response caused by neutron self-shielding.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an Americium-241/Beryllium ((241)Am-Be) neutron source and a Bismuth Germanate (BGO) detector for the PGNAA system.
  • Tested the system's performance using sediment samples spiked with known concentrations of cadmium and mercury.
  • Developed and applied a correction method to account for neutron self-shielding effects.

Main Results:

  • The PGNAA system demonstrated a nearly linear response for mercury (Hg) concentrations.
  • Cadmium (Cd) exhibited non-linear responses due to neutron self-shielding, necessitating correction.
  • After applying the correction method, the non-linear response for cadmium was restored.
  • Minimum detectable concentrations were determined as 52.8 ppm for Cd (at 8.484 MeV) and 81.6 ppm for Hg (at 5.967 MeV).

Conclusions:

  • The developed PGNAA system is effective for detecting heavy metals like cadmium and mercury in sediments.
  • The implemented correction method successfully mitigates the impact of neutron self-shielding on PGNAA linearity.
  • The system achieves sensitive detection limits for environmental monitoring applications.