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Related Concept Videos

Bias01:22

Bias

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Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
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People can go to great lengths to protect their self-image and present themselves in ways that they want others to see them. Sociologist Erving Goffman presented the idea that a person is like an actor on a stage. Calling his theory dramaturgy, Goffman believed that we use “impression management” to present ourselves to others as we hope to be perceived. Each situation is a new scene, and individuals perform different roles depending on who is present (Goffman, 1959). Think about...
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The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic01:25

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In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the...
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Motivational Bias01:25

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Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...
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Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

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The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
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Fundamental Attribution Error01:14

Fundamental Attribution Error

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According to some social psychologists, people tend to overemphasize internal factors as explanations—or attributions—for the behavior of other people. They tend to assume that the behavior of another person is a trait of that person, and to underestimate the power of the situation on the behavior of others. They tend to fail to recognize when the behavior of another is due to situational variables, and thus to the person’s state. This erroneous assumption is...
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Attentional biases in problem and non-problem gamblers.

Maria Ciccarelli1, Giovanna Nigro1, Mark D Griffiths2

  • 1Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy.

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Problem gamblers show faster detection of gambling cues, linked to craving, suggesting motivation, not just conditioning, drives gambling behavior. This highlights attentional bias in gambling disorder development.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Attentional biases are implicated in gambling disorder onset and progression.
  • Existing research on attentional processes in gambling yields inconsistent findings.
  • Specific components and types of attentional bias in gambling remain underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate attentional biases in problem gamblers compared to non-problem gamblers.
  • To examine the relationship between attentional bias, craving, mood states, and emotional dysregulation.
  • To differentiate between orienting and maintenance of attention in gambling disorder.

Main Methods:

  • A modified Posner Task was used to measure attention orienting and maintenance.
  • 108 Italian participants (54 problem gamblers, 54 non-problem gamblers) were recruited.
  • Self-report measures assessed craving, depression, anxiety, stress, and emotional dysregulation.

Main Results:

  • Problem gamblers exhibited enhanced detection of gambling-related stimuli.
  • Problem gamblers reported higher levels of craving, emotional dysregulation, and negative mood.
  • All measured variables correlated significantly with gambling severity.

Conclusions:

  • Attentional bias in problem gamblers may stem from motivational factors like craving.
  • Craving could drive addictive seeking behaviors, rather than solely conditioning.
  • Findings suggest a motivational component underlying attentional biases in gambling disorder.