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Related Concept Videos

Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate01:20

Assessment of Ventilation I: Respiratory Rate

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Assessment of Ventilation
A Ventilation assessment is critical for monitoring a patient's health status. Respiration, one of the most accessible vital signs, provides insights into the function of numerous body systems and can indicate serious health issues, such as brainstem injuries from head trauma.
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Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm01:29

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Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
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Respiratory Capacities01:24

Respiratory Capacities

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Respiratory capacities are crucial indicators of lung function, representing the maximum amount of air an individual's respiratory system can handle during various breathing phases.
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Updated: Mar 23, 2026

The Use of an Automated System GreenFeed to Monitor Enteric Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Ruminant Animals
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Technical note: A facility for respiration measurements in cattle.

F S Machado1, T R Tomich1, A L Ferreira1

  • 1Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Embrapa Dairy Cattle, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil, 36038-330.

Journal of Dairy Science
|March 28, 2016
PubMed
Summary

A new respiration system accurately measures heat production and methane emissions in dairy cows. Restricted feeding reduced emissions, but not per unit of dry matter intake, showing system utility.

Keywords:
bioenergeticsenergyindirect calorimetrymethane

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Environmental Science
  • Agricultural Engineering

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of greenhouse gas emissions and energy metabolism in livestock is crucial for sustainable agriculture.
  • Existing methods for measuring methane (CH4) emission and heat production in cattle can be limited in dynamic data acquisition and integration with feed intake.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct and validate a novel, climate-controlled respiration system for dynamic measurement of O2 consumption, CO2 and CH4 production, and heat production in dairy cows.
  • To assess the system's ability to integrate gas exchange data with feed and water intake, and animal physiological parameters.
  • To evaluate the system's performance in a trial with lactating dairy cows under different feeding regimens.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of four independently climate-controlled chambers (21.10 m³) with integrated gas analysis (O2, CO2, CH4) and data acquisition systems.
  • Utilization of infrared cameras, electronic feed/water bins, and physiological sensors for comprehensive data collection.
  • Validation through a trial with 12 lactating dairy cows under ad libitum and restricted feeding regimens, involving 22-hour respiration measurements per cow.

Main Results:

  • The system demonstrated high accuracy with mean recoveries of 99.0% for CO2 and 98.0% for CH4.
  • Restricted-fed cows exhibited significantly lower milk yield, methane emission, and heat production compared to ad libitum-fed cows.
  • High repeatability was observed for CH4 emission (0.97) and heat production (0.92), with no significant difference in CH4 per kg dry matter intake between feeding groups.

Conclusions:

  • The validated respiration system is a valuable tool for accurately measuring dynamic and accumulated heat production, methane emission, and feed intake in cattle.
  • The system's integration capabilities provide a holistic approach to understanding livestock metabolism and environmental impact.
  • Findings highlight the impact of feeding strategies on enteric methane emissions and energy balance in dairy cows.