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Paternity testing that involves a DNA mixture.

Julia Mortera1, Carla Vecchiotti2, Silvia Zoppis2

  • 1Università Roma Tre, Via Silvio D'Amico, 77, 00145 Roma, Italy.

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Summary

This study presents a method for DNA paternity testing using degraded and mixed DNA from a deceased individual. The approach successfully determined paternity despite contamination and missing maternal DNA, accounting for allele dropout and mutation.

Keywords:
DNA mixturesDeconvolutionDisputed paternityDropout alleleLikelihood ratioMutation

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Paternity testing typically relies on fresh DNA samples from living individuals.
  • Complex cases involving degraded DNA, mixtures, and missing samples pose significant challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a method for disputed paternity testing using highly degraded and mixed DNA from a corpse.
  • To address challenges such as contamination, absence of maternal DNA, allele dropout, and potential mutations.

Main Methods:

  • DNA extraction and purification from ancient, contaminated skeletal remains.
  • Analysis of mixed DNA profiles to deconvolute individual contributors.
  • Probabilistic genotyping to predict the most likely genotypes of each contributor.
  • Calculation of likelihood ratios for paternity assessment, incorporating dropout and mutation models.

Main Results:

  • Successfully deconvoluted a mixed DNA profile from a 20-year-old corpse.
  • Generated a reliable DNA profile for the major contributor, enabling paternity assessment.
  • Demonstrated the accurate calculation of paternity likelihood ratios despite significant DNA degradation and contamination.

Conclusions:

  • This study validates a robust methodology for challenging paternity cases involving ancient, degraded, and mixed DNA.
  • The developed approach enhances the utility of forensic DNA analysis in complex legal and familial investigations.
  • The findings highlight the importance of advanced statistical methods in interpreting compromised DNA evidence.