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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 23, 2026

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Race Making in a Penal Institution.

Michael L Walker

    AJS; American Journal of Sociology
    |March 29, 2016
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study reveals how racial projects within jails increase violence. Understanding racial formation in penal institutions is key to improving safety and management strategies.

    Area of Science:

    • Criminology
    • Sociology
    • Racial Studies

    Background:

    • Racial formation theories explain how race is socially constructed.
    • Penal management strategies often operate within existing racial hierarchies.
    • Modern correctional facilities face challenges in managing diverse inmate populations and preventing violence.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the lived experiences of penal inmates.
    • To link theories of race making with penal management practices.
    • To understand racial formation processes within a contemporary jail setting.

    Main Methods:

    • Ethnographic data collection over 135 days.
    • Participant observation as an inmate in a Southern California county jail.
    • Qualitative analysis of inmate experiences and institutional dynamics.

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    Main Results:

    • Inmates are subjected to both institutional and microinteractional racial projects.
    • These racial projects, operating under risk management narratives, exacerbate intraracial and interracial violence.
    • The findings challenge the assumption that such strategies reduce violence.

    Conclusions:

    • Racialization processes in penal settings are complex and influenced by symbiotic racial projects.
    • Current penal management strategies may inadvertently increase violence.
    • Further research is needed to evaluate and reform correctional practices for better safety and equity.