Related Experiment Video
Updated: Mar 23, 2026
08:49
External Cephalic Version: Is it an Effective and Safe Procedure?
Published on: June 6, 2020
16.0K
Episiotomy - risk factors and outcomes
Anat Shmueli1, Rinat Gabbay Benziv1, Liran Hiersch2
1a Helen Schneider Hospital for Women, Rabin Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Affiliated to the Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University , Ramat-Aviv , Israel.
Summary
Routine episiotomy should be abandoned as it does not protect nulliparous women and may increase obstetrical anal sphincter injury (OASI) risk in multiparous women. Selective episiotomy should be reconsidered based on identified risk factors.
Area of Science:
- Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Perinatal Research
- Surgical Outcomes
Background:
- Mediolateral episiotomy is a common surgical procedure during childbirth.
- Understanding its risk factors and impact on maternal outcomes is crucial for evidence-based practice.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify risk factors associated with mediolateral episiotomy.
- To evaluate the association between episiotomy and obstetrical anal sphincter injury (OASI).
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cohort study of singleton vaginal deliveries between 2007-2014.
- Analysis included spontaneous and operative vaginal deliveries, comparing nulliparous and multiparous women.
Main Results:
- Identified risk factors for episiotomy include maternal age, gestational age, regional analgesia, labor induction, meconium presence, and birth weight.
- Episiotomy was linked to postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and third-degree perineal tears.
- In operative vaginal delivery, birth weight (nulliparous) and previous vaginal deliveries (multiparous) were key contributors.
Conclusions:
- Mediolateral episiotomy has identifiable risk factors.
- Routine episiotomy is not protective for nulliparous women and may increase OASI risk in multiparous women.
- The study recommends abandoning routine episiotomy and reconsidering selective use.
Keywords:
Mediolateral episiotomyobstetrical anal sphincter injuryoperative vaginal deliveryparityspontaneous vaginal deliveryMore Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:26Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy
1.0K
Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
1.0K
01:26Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection
14.6K
The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
14.6K
01:29Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia
943
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
943
01:28Development of the Oral Microbiota
10
The establishment of the oral microbiome begins before birth, challenging the long-held belief that the fetal oral cavity is sterile. The presence of oral microbes such as Streptococcus and Fusobacterium in amniotic fluid suggests that microbial exposure may occur in utero, potentially through translocation from the maternal oral or gastrointestinal tract. This early colonization primes the neonatal immune system and sets the stage for subsequent microbial succession. Maternal health,...
10
01:22Appendicitis-I: Introduction
3.4K
The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...
3.4K