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Free versus perforator-pedicled propeller flaps in lower extremity reconstruction: What is the safest coverage? A
Farid Bekara1, Christian Herlin1, Serge Somda2
1Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Lapeyronie University Hospital, Montpellier, France.
Introduction:
Currently, increasingly reconstructive surgeon consider the failure rates of perforator propeller flaps especially in the distal third of the lower leg are too important and prefer to return to the use of free flap at first line option with failure rates frequently lower than 5%. So, we performed a systematic review with meta-analysis comparing free flaps (perforator-based or not) and pedicled-propeller flaps to respond to the question "what is the safest coverage for distal third of the lower limb?"
Methods:
This review was conducted according to PRISMA criteria. From 1991 to 2015, MEDLINE®, Pubmed central, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched. The pooled estimations were performed by meta-analysis. The homogeneity Q statistic and the I2 index were computed.
Results:
We included 36 articles for free flaps (1,226 flaps) and 19 articles for pedicled-propeller flaps (302 flaps). The overall failure rate was 3.9% [95%CI:2.6-5.3] for free flaps and 2.77% [95%CI:0.0-5.6] for pedicled-propeller flaps (P = 0.36). The complication rates were 19.0% for free flaps and 21.4% for pedicled-propeller flaps (P = 0.37). In more detail, we noted for free flaps versus pedicled-propeller flaps: partial necrosis (2.70 vs. 6.88%, P = 0.001%), wound dehiscence (2.38 vs. 0.26%, P = 0.018), infection (4.45 vs. 1.22%, P = 0.009). The coverage failure rate was 5.24% [95%CI:3.68-6.81] versus 2.99% [95%CI:0.38-5.60] without significant difference (P = 0.016).
Conclusion:
In the lower limb the complications are not rare and many teams consider the free flaps to be safer. In this meta-analysis we provide evidence that failure and overall complications rate of perforator propeller flaps are comparable with free flaps. Although, partial necrosis is significantly higher for pedicled-propeller flaps than free flaps, in reality the success of coverage appears similar. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microsurgery, 38:109-119, 2018.
